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PreprintCited by 76Environmental Toxicology and EcotoxicologyPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental ImpactsEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals

Effect of 10 UV filters on the brine shrimp Artemia salina and the marine microalgae Tetraselmis sp

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Thorel, Evane, Clergeaud, Fanny, Jaugeon, Lucie, Rodrigues, Alice M. S., Lucas, Julie, Stien, Didier, Lebaron, Philippe·2020·Toxics
DOI 10.1101/2020.01.30.926451PMC PMC7357026
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Abstract

The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products’ (PPCPs) residues in the aquatic environment is an emerging issue due to their uncontrolled release, through grey water, and accumulation in the environment that may affect living organisms, ecosystems and public health. The aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of benzophenone-3 (BP-3), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (BEMT), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT), 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), diethylhexyl butamido triazone (DBT), ethylhexyl triazone (ET), homosalate (HS), and octocrylene (OC) to marine organisms from two major trophic levels including autotrophs ( Tetraselmis sp .) and heterotrophs ( Artemia salina ). In general, EC 50 results show that both HS and OC are the most toxic for our tested species, followed by a significant effect of BM on Artemia salina but only at high concentrations (1 mg/L) and then an effect of ES, BP3 and DHHB on the metabolic activity of the microalgae at 100 μg/L. BEMT, DBT, ET, MBBT had no effect on the tested organisms, even at high concentrations (2mg/L). OC toxicity represent a risk for those species since it is observed at concentrations only 15 to 90 times higher than the highest concentrations reported in the natural environment and HS toxicity is for the first time reported on microalgae and was very important on Tetraselmis sp. at concentrations close to the natural environment concentrations.

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  • Homosalate at 1 mg/L inhibits growth of Tetraselmis sp., and benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-3 at 5 mg/L inhibit growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

    “Growth inhibition was one of the negative effects that affects algae organisms, namely Tetraselmis sp. at concentrations of 1 mg/L for homosalate (8) [93] and green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at 5 mg/L for benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-3 (10) [94].”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [93]

    The Conclusion reports that homosalate was the most toxic filter for Tetraselmis sp., with an EC50 of 74 µg/L, and Methods §2.1 says the alga was tested at concentrations up to 1 mg/L. The passages establish toxicity but do not explicitly identify growth inhibition at 1 mg/L as the measured effect. The Chlamydomonas claim is attached to a different citation, [94], and is not attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • After 48 h exposure at 2 mg/L, homosalate, avobenzone, and octocrylene induced mortality in Artemia salina of 54%, 64%, and 88%, respectively, with octocrylene most toxic.

    “The results were determined after 48 h of exposure and revealed that homosalate (8), avobenzone (11), and octocrylene (30) induced mortality in 54%, 64%, and 88%, respectively, at concentrations of 2 mg/L, being octocrylene (30) considered the most toxic UV filter for this organism [93].”

    From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [93]

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Authors
Thorel, E., Clergeaud, F., Jaugeon, L., Rodrigues, A. M. S., Lucas, J., Stien, D., & Lebaron, P.
Affiliations
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Lebaron, Philippe
ORCID
Venue
Toxics
Publisher
openRxiv
Published
2020-01-31
Volume
8
Issue
2
Pages
29-29
ISSN
2305-6304 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1101/2020.01.30.926451
PMC
PMC7357026
OpenAlex
W3015802064
Cited by
76
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1
FWCI
3.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Toxics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Les Laboratories Pierre Fabre (2018-02108)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Keywords
UV filters, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, Artemia salina, Tetraselmis, homosalate, octocrylene, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, toxicity, Artemia, marine organisms, environmental risk assessment

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