Ecotoxicological Evaluation of the UV Filters Ethylhexyl Dimethyl p-Aminobenzoic Acid and Octocrylene Using Marine Organisms Isochrysis galbana, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Paracentrotus lividus
Abstract
The growing concern regarding the negative effects of solar radiation on the skin has led to a drastic increase in the use of sunscreens containing in its composition up to 10% of aromatic chemicals, such as ethylhexyl dimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid (OD-PABA) and octocrylene (OC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and to assess the environmental risk posed by these two ultraviolet filters, widely used in cosmetics and as plastic additives, in the marine environment. Several ecotoxicological bioassays were performed with three model organisms belonging to different trophic levels: the microalgae Isochrysis galbana, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. The results show remarkable toxicity to marine species for both OD-PABA (EC 10 values range 26,5-127 µg L-1) and OC (EC 10 range 103-511 µg L-1). The cell division in the microalgae I. galbana was the most sensitive endpoint tested. To determine the environmental risk of these substances, the risk coefficient (RQ) was calculated. Due to the higher concentrations reported, OC showed remarkable risk (RQ = 0.27), whereas for OD-PABA the risk was low (RQ = 0.007).
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UV filters can cause toxic effects.
“In fact, many studies have confirmed the detection of UV filters in human biological samples [12,13] and in marine organisms [14,15,16,17], thus confirming the hypothesis of UV filter-derived toxic effects.”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
UV filters have been detected in marine organisms.
“In fact, many studies have confirmed the detection of UV filters in human biological samples [12,13] and in marine organisms [14,15,16,17], thus confirming the hypothesis of UV filter-derived toxic effects.”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Giraldo, A., Montes, R., Rodil, R., Quintana, J. B., Vidal-Liñán, L., & Beiras, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Vigo (ES)
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Giraldo, A.
- Venue
- Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
- Published
- 2017-04-08
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 606-611
- ISSN
- 0090-4341 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0703
- OpenAlex
- W2605219749
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Keywords
- UV filters, octocrylene, sunscreen ingredients, marine ecotoxicity, Isochrysis galbana, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Paracentrotus lividus, environmental risk assessment, risk quotient, marine organisms
- MeSH terms
- Acrylates, Animals, Environmental Monitoring, Sunscreening Agents, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Risk Assessment, Toxicity Tests, Paracentrotus, Mytilus, Haptophyta, Aquatic Organisms, para-Aminobenzoates
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