Establishment of a closed artificial ecosystem to ensure human long-term survival on the moon
Open accessAbstract
Bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) is a critical technology maintaining long-term human survival on the Moon or other extraterrestrial bodies. In the current study, we carried out a 370-day integrated high-closure experiment (“Lunar Palace 365” experiment) on the Earth in an upgraded ground-based BLSS experimental facility called “Lunar Palace 1”. This experiment was designed to develop techniques to run and adjust system stability under long-term operation and crew shift change conditions. Eight volunteering crew members were divided into two groups with three time phases: Group I stayed in the cabin for the initial 60-day phase; Group II inhabited the cabin instead for a record-breaking duration of 200 days as the second phase; Group I re-entered the cabin, replaced Group II and stayed for the last 105 days. Our results demonstrated the BLSS had excellent stability with a material closure degree of 98.2%. Levels of O 2 , CO 2 and trace harmful gases were well controlled within ranges optimal for crew health and plant production. The system exhibited a strong robustness and could quickly minimize effects of disturbances through self-feedback adjustments. The efficiency of plant production completely met the crew’s need of plant-based food. The purification efficiency of domestic and sanitary wastewater was up to irrigation standards, and the recovery rate of urine and solid waste achieved 99.7% and 67%, respectively. These results are valuable for further optimization of the BLSS in a lunar base and computer simulations of similar systems.
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Since the concept of ECLSS was formally proposed by NASA, a series of ecosystems have been developed to simulate the lives of humans in the planet cabin environment by providing necessary survival resources for a period of time.
“Since the concept of ECLSS was formally proposed by NASA, a series of ecosystems have been developed to simulate the lives of humans in the planet cabin environment by providing necessary survival resources for a period of time.”
From Energy system and resource utilization in space: A state-of-the-art review (2024) · cites this paper as [51]
The Introduction describes several ground-based, crewed simulations of closed life-support ecosystems, and the Abstract reports a 370-day experiment that supplied air, water, and plant-based food in a lunar-base-like habitat. Our copy does not say that NASA formally proposed the concept of ECLSS; it discusses these simulations as BLSS experiments. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese ecosystems mainly include ECLSS and CELSS by NASA, BIOS series by Soviet Union/Russia, MELiSSA by ESA, CELSS Integrated Experimental Platform and Lunar Palace by China, and CEEF by Japan.
“These ecosystems mainly include ECLSS and Controlled Ecological Life-Support System (CELSS) by NASA, BIOS series by Soviet Union/Russia, Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative (MELiSSA) by European Space Agency (ESA), CELSS Integrated Experimental Platform and Lunar Palace by China, and Closed Ecological Experimental Facility (CEEF) by Japan. 47-52”
From Energy system and resource utilization in space: A state-of-the-art review (2024) · cites this paper as [51]
The Introduction (page not provided) names Russia’s BIOS-3, Japan’s CEEF, and the European Union’s MELiSSA, and describes Chinese CELSS experiments and Lunar Palace 1. It does not identify NASA’s ECLSS or CELSS; for the United States, it names BIO-Plex instead. Nor does it use the name “CELSS Integrated Experimental Platform” for the Chinese experiment. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Fu, Y., Yi, Z., Du, Y., Liu, H., Xie, B., & Liu, H.
- Affiliations
- Beihang University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Hong
- Venue
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2021-01-14
- OpenAlex
- W3118274699
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Exploration and Technology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Greenhouse Technology and Climate Control
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- bioregenerative life support, lunar base, crew rotation, system stability, plant-based food production, wastewater treatment
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