PreprintCited by 574SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesCOVID-19 epidemiological studies

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The N501Y spike substitution enhances SARS-CoV-2 transmission

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Liu, Yang, Liu, Jianying, Plante, Kenneth S., Plante, Jessica A., Xie, Xuping, Zhang, Xianwen, Ku, Zhiqiang, An, Zhiqiang, Scharton, Dionna, Schindewolf, Craig, Menachery, Vineet D., Shi, Pei-Yong, Weaver, Scott C.·2021·Nature

DOI 10.1101/2021.03.08.434499PMC PMC8900207

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Abstract

Summary: Beginning in the summer of 2020, a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, emerged in the United Kingdom (UK). This B.1.1.7 variant increased rapidly in prevalence among sequenced strains, attributed to an increase in infection and/or transmission efficiency. The UK variant has 19 nonsynonymous mutations across its viral genome including 8 substitutions or deletions in the spike protein, which interacts with cellular receptors to mediate infection and tropism. Here, using a reverse genetics approach, we show that, of the 8 individual spike protein substitutions, only N501Y exhibited consistent fitness gains for replication in the upper airway in the hamster model as well as primary human airway epithelial cells. The N501Y substitution recapitulated the phenotype of enhanced viral transmission seen with the combined 8 UK spike mutations, suggesting it is a major determinant responsible for increased transmission of this variant. Mechanistically, the N501Y substitution improved the affinity of the viral spike protein for cellular receptors. As suggested by its convergent evolution in Brazil and South Africa, our results indicate that N501Y substitution is a major adaptive spike mutation of major concern.

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Self-citation

Authors: Liu, Y., Liu, J., Plante, K. S., Plante, J. A., Xie, X., Zhang, X., Ku, Z., An, Z., Scharton, D., Schindewolf, C., Menachery, V. D., Shi, P.-Y., & Weaver, S. C.
Affiliations: The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (US)
Corresponding author: Shi, Pei-Yong
Weaver, Scott C.
ORCID: Liu, Yang
Liu, Jianying
Plante, Kenneth S.
Plante, Jessica A.
Xie, Xuping
Zhang, Xianwen
Ku, Zhiqiang
An, Zhiqiang
Scharton, Dionna
Schindewolf, Craig
Menachery, Vineet D.
Shi, Pei-Yong
Weaver, Scott C.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: openRxiv
Published: 2021-03-09
Volume: 602
Issue: 7896
Pages: 294-299
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.08.434499
PMC: PMC8900207
OpenAlex: W3216019834
Cited by: 574
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 181 · 2021: 87
FWCI: 37.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP150551, RP150551 and RP190561, RP190561, AI153602)
University of Texas System
National Institutes of Health (AG049042, UL1TR001439)
National Institute on Aging (AG049042)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R24AI120942, R01AI134907, R01AI153602, AI153602, AG049042, AI134907, T32AI007526)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, N501Y mutation, spike protein, B.1.1.7 Alpha variant, virus transmission, viral fitness, receptor binding affinity, airway epithelial cells, hamster model, convergent evolution, COVID-19 pandemic

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The N501Y spike substitution enhances SARS-CoV-2 transmission

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