SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Changing with the times: Pandemic spread of a virus in naïe populations can select for mutations that alter pathogenesis, virulence, and/or transmissibility. The ancestral form of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged from China has now been largely replaced by strains containing the mutation D614G (Asp 614 -to-Gly) in the viral spike protein. Hou et al. compared the characteristics of the new variant against the ancestral form in a series of experiments in human cells and animal models. The variant is better at infecting upper-airway epithelial cells and replicates in greater numbers than the ancestral virus. Evidence indicates modest, if any, significant changes to virulence in animal models. Therefore, the virus appears to have evolved for greater transmissibility in humans rather than for greater pathogenicity. The mutation renders the new virus variant more susceptible to neutralizing antisera without altering the efficacy of vaccine candidates currently under development. Science , this issue p. 1464
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mutation D614G increases viral transmission and promotes ACE2 engagement.
“it is well established that mutation D614G increases viral transmission and promotes ACE2 engagement”
From The Omicron variant is highly resistant against antibody-mediated neutralization: Implications for control of the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) · cites this paper as Hou et al., 2020
The Spike D614G variant is now globally common, binds ACE2 more tightly, and is more transmissible.
“The Spike D614G variant that is now globally common (that binds ACE2 more tightly and is more transmissible)”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Hou et al., 2020
The emergence of N501Y from different geographical regions, together with the previously emerged globally dominant D614G mutation, suggests that these mutations might improve viral fitness.
“The emergence of the common mutation N501Y from different geographical regions, as well as the previously emerged globally dominant D614G mutation, suggest that these mutations might improve viral fitness”
From Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike 69/70 deletion, E484K and N501Y variants by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited sera (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Korber, B., Fischer, W. M., Gnanakaran, S., Yoon, H., Theiler, J., Abfalterer, W., Hengartner, N., Giorgi, E. E., Bhattacharya, T., Foley, B., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043 · Cited by 4,281 · see citing works
HCA Lung Biological Network, Sungnak, W., Huang, N., Bécavin, C., Berg, M., Queen, R., Litvinukova, M., Talavera-López, C., Maatz, H., Reichart, D., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0868-6 · Cited by 2,501 · see citing works
Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody
Pinto, D., Park, Y.-J., Beltramello, M., Walls, A. C., Tortorici, M. A., Bianchi, S., Jaconi, S., Culap, K., Zatta, F., De Marco, A., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2349-y · Cited by 1,885 · see citing works
Imai, M., Watanabe, T., Hatta, M., Das, S. C., Ozawa, M., Shinya, K., Zhong, G., Hanson, A., Katsura, H., Watanabe, S., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10831 · Cited by 1,523 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract
Hou, Y. J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C. E., Martinez, D. R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K. H., Kato, T., Lee, R. E., Yount, B. L., Mascenik, T. M., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Impact of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Viral Infectivity and Antigenicity
Li, Q., Wu, J., Nie, J., Zhang, L., Hao, H., Liu, S., Zhao, C., Zhang, Q., Liu, H., Nie, L., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.012 · Cited by 1,420 · see citing works
Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail
Hansen, J., Baum, A., Pascal, K. E., Russo, V., Giordano, S., Wloga, E., Fulton, B. O., Yan, Y., Koon, K., Patel, K., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abd0827 · Cited by 1,210 · see citing works
Sungnak, W., Huang, N., Bécavin, C., & Berg, M. (2020) · PubMed · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Structural and Functional Analysis of the D614G SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variant
Yurkovetskiy, L., Wang, X., Pascal, K. E., Tomkins-Tinch, C., Nyalile, T. P., Wang, Y., Baum, A., Diehl, W. E., Dauphin, A., Carbone, C., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.032 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development
Imai, M., Iwatsuki‐Horimoto, K., Hatta, M., Loeber, S. J., Halfmann, P., Nakajima, N., Watanabe, T., Ujie, M., Takahashi, K., Ito, M., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2009799117 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, Y., Wang, F., Shen, C., Peng, W., Li, D., Zhao, C., Li, Z., Li, S., Bi, Y., Yang, Y., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc2241 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
Virulence evolution and the trade‐off hypothesis: history, current state of affairs and the future
Alizon, S., Hurford, A., Mideo, N., & van Baalen, M. (2008) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01658.x · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model
Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M. M., Oude Munnink, B. B., de Meulder, D., van Amerongen, G., van den Brand, J., Okba, N. M. A., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb7314 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Molecular Evolution of the SARS Coronavirus During the Course of the SARS Epidemic in China
The Chinese SARS Molecular Epidemiology Consortium (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092002 · Cited by 765 · see citing works
A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures
Dinnon, K. H., Leist, S. R., Schäfer, A., Edwards, C. E., Martinez, D. R., Montgomery, S. A., West, A., Yount, B. L., Hou, Y. J., Adams, L. E., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2708-8 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Self-citationA Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Induces Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Standard Laboratory Mice
Leist, S. R., Dinnon, K. H., Schäfer, A., Tse, L. V., Okuda, K., Hou, Y. J., West, A., Edwards, C. E., Sanders, W., Fritch, E. J., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.050 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Self-citationter Meulen, J., van den Brink, E. N., Poon, L. L. M., Marissen, W. E., Leung, C. S.-W., Cox, F., Cheung, C. Y., Bakker, A. Q., Bogaards, J. A., van Deventer, E., et al. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030237 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivityPreprint
Zhang, L., Jackson, C. B., Mou, H., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.06.12.148726 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Denison, M. R., Graham, R. L., Donaldson, E., Eckerle, L. D., & Baric, R. S. (2011) · RNA Biology · doi:10.4161/rna.8.2.15013 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Self-citationD614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV-2 Susceptibility to Neutralization
Weissman, D., Alameh, M.-G., de Silva, T., Collini, P., Hornsby, H., Brown, R., LaBranche, C. C., Edwards, R. J., Sutherland, L., Santra, S., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.012 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Tsetsarkin, K. A., & Weaver, S. C. (2011) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002412 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Human Nasal and Tracheo-Bronchial Respiratory Epithelial Cell Culture
Fulcher, M. L., & Randell, S. H. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-125-7_8 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationGraham, R. L., Becker, M. M., Eckerle, L. D., Deming, M. E., Denison, M. R., & Baric, R. S. (2012) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2972 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman Adaptation of Ebola Virus during the West African Outbreak
Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, C. P., Sakuntabhai, A., Sall, A. A., Kobinger, G., Müller, M. A., Holmes, E. C., Rey, F. A., Simon‐Lorière, E., & Ball, J. K. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.013 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variant D614G Favors an Open Conformational StatePreprint
Mansbach, R., Chakraborty, S., Nguyen, K., Montefiori, D., Korber, B., & Gnanakaran, G. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.26.219741 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike variant D614G favors an open conformational state
Mansbach, R. A., Chakraborty, S., Nguyen, K., Montefiori, D. C., Korber, B., & Gnanakaran, S. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf3671 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Decline of Humoral Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in Convalescent Individuals
Beaudoin-Bussières, G., Laumaea, A., Anand, S. P., Prévost, J., Gasser, R., Goyette, G., Medjahed, H., Perreault, J., Tremblay, T., Lewin, A., et al. (2020) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02590-20 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Edwards, C. E., Yount, B. L., Graham, R. L., Leist, S. R., Hou, Y. J., Dinnon, K. H., Sims, A. M., Swanstrom, J., Gully, K. L., Scobey, T., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2001046117 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationRockx, B., Corti, D., Donaldson, E., Sheahan, T., Stadler, K., Lanzavecchia, A., & Baric, R. (2008) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.02377-07 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationAdaptive Evolution of MERS-CoV to Species Variation in DPP4
Letko, M. C., Miazgowicz, K. L., McMinn, R. J., Seifert, S. N., Sola, I., Enjuanes, L., Carmody, A., van Doremalen, N., & Munster, V. J. (2018) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.045 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A Unique Clade of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses is Associated with Lower Viral Loads in Patient Upper Airways
Lorenzo-Redondo, R., Nam, H. H., Roberts, S. C., Simons, L. M., Jennings, L. J., Qi, C., Achenbach, C. J., Hauser, A. R., Ison, M. G., Hultquist, J. F., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.19.20107144 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A clade of SARS-CoV-2 viruses associated with lower viral loads in patient upper airways
Lorenzo-Redondo, R., Nam, H. H., Roberts, S. C., Simons, L. M., Jennings, L. J., Qi, C., Achenbach, C. J., Hauser, A. R., Ison, M. G., Hultquist, J. F., et al. (2020) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103112 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
D614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV-2 Susceptibility to NeutralizationPreprint
Weissman, D., Alameh, M., de Silva, T. I., Collini, P., Hornsby, H. R., Brown, R. L., LaBranche, C. C., Edwards, R. J., Sutherland, L. L., Santra, S., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.22.20159905 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Rockx, B., Sheahan, T. P., Donaldson, E., Harkema, J. R., Sims, A. M., Heise, M. T., Pickles, R. J., Cameron, M. J., Kelvin, D. J., & Baric, R. S. (2007) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00505-07 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationOmotuyi, O. I., Nash, O., Ajiboye, O. B., Iwegbulam, C. G., Oyinloye, E. B., Oyedeji, O. A., Kashim, Z. A., & Okaiyeto, K. (2020) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.26383 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape
Harvey, W. T., Carabelli, A. M., Jackson, B., Gupta, R. K., Thomson, E. C., Harrison, E. M., Ludden, C., Reeve, R., Rambaut, A., COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00573-0 · Cited by 3,528 · see citing works
Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7
Wang, P., Nair, M. S., Liu, L., Iketani, S., Luo, Y., Guo, Y., Wang, M., Yu, J., Zhang, B., Kwong, P. D., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03398-2 · Cited by 2,312 · see citing works
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Sette, A., & Crotty, S. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.007 · Cited by 1,860 · see citing works
Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness
Plante, J. A., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Xia, H., Johnson, B. A., Lokugamage, K. G., Zhang, X., Muruato, A. E., Zou, J., Fontes-Garfias, C. R., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2895-3 · Cited by 1,558 · see citing works
Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Garcia-Beltran, W. F., Lam, E. C., St. Denis, K., Nitido, A. D., Garcia, Z. H., Hauser, B. M., Feldman, J., Pavlovic, M. N., Gregory, D. J., Poznansky, M. C., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013 · Cited by 1,353 · see citing works
Markov, P. V., Ghafari, M., Beer, M., Lythgoe, K., Simmonds, P., Stilianakis, N. I., & Katzourakis, A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-023-00878-2 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Evaluating the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutation D614G on Transmissibility and Pathogenicity
Volz, E., Hill, V., McCrone, J. T., Price, A., Jorgensen, D., O’Toole, Á., Southgate, J., Johnson, R., Jackson, B., Nascimento, F. F., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.020 · Cited by 1,006 · see citing works
N-terminal domain antigenic mapping reveals a site of vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2
McCallum, M., De Marco, A., Lempp, F. A., Tortorici, M. A., Pinto, D., Walls, A. C., Beltramello, M., Chen, A., Liu, Z., Zatta, F., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.028 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
Tao, K., Tzou, P. L., Nouhin, J., Gupta, R. K., de Oliveira, T., Kosakovsky Pond, S. L., Fera, D., & Shafer, R. W. (2021) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-021-00408-x · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
Hoffmann, M., Krüger, N., Schulz, S., Cossmann, A., Rocha, C., Kempf, A., Nehlmeier, I., Graichen, L., Moldenhauer, A.-S., Winkler, M. S., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.032 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Xie, X., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Zou, J., Fontes-Garfias, C. R., Xia, H., Swanson, K. A., Cutler, M., Cooper, D., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01270-4 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Thomson, E. C., Rosen, L. E., Shepherd, J. G., Spreafico, R., da Silva Filipe, A., Wojcechowskyj, J. A., Davis, C., Piccoli, L., Pascall, D. J., Dillen, J., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.037 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Deng, X., Garcia-Knight, M. A., Khalid, M. M., Servellita, V., Wang, C., Morris, M. K., Sotomayor-González, A., Glasner, D. R., Reyes, K. R., Gliwa, A. S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.07.21252647 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Genetic Variants of SARS-CoV-2—What Do They Mean?
Lauring, A. S., & Hodcroft, E. B. (2021) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.27124 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 spike L452R variant evades cellular immunity and increases infectivity
Motozono, C., Toyoda, M., Zahradnik, J., Saito, A., Nasser, H., Tan, T. S., Ngare, I., Kimura, I., Uriu, K., Kosugi, Y., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.06.006 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 spike D614G change enhances replication and transmission
Zhou, B., Thao, T. T. N., Hoffmann, D., Taddeo, A., Ebert, N., Labroussaa, F., Pohlmann, A., King, J., Steiner, S., Kelly, J. N., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03361-1 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Transmission, infectivity, and neutralization of a spike L452R SARS-CoV-2 variant
Deng, X., Garcia-Knight, M. A., Khalid, M. M., Servellita, V., Wang, C., Morris, M. K., Sotomayor-González, A., Glasner, D. R., Reyes, K. R., Gliwa, A. S., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.025 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
BNT162b2-elicited neutralization of B.1.617 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants
Liu, J., Liu, Y., Xia, H., Zou, J., Weaver, S. C., Swanson, K. A., Cai, H., Cutler, M., Cooper, D., Muik, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03693-y · Cited by 342 · see citing works
D614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV-2 Susceptibility to Neutralization
Weissman, D., Alameh, M.-G., de Silva, T., Collini, P., Hornsby, H., Brown, R., LaBranche, C. C., Edwards, R. J., Sutherland, L., Santra, S., et al. (2021) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.012 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 escapes neutralization by South African COVID-19 donor plasma
Wibmer, C. K., Ayres, F., Hermanus, T., Madzivhandila, M., Kgagudi, P., Oosthuysen, B., Lambson, B. E., de Oliveira, T., Vermeulen, M., van der Berg, K., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.18.427166
Wang, R., Zhang, Q., Ge, J., Ren, W., Zhang, R., Lan, J., Ju, B., Su, B., Yu, F., Chen, P., et al. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.003 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Impact of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants on mRNA vaccine-induced immunity
Lucas, C., Vogels, C. B. F., Yildirim, I., Rothman, J. E., Lu, P., Monteiro, V., Gehlhausen, J. R., Campbell, M., Silva, J., Tabachnikova, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-04085-y · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Recurrent emergence and transmission of a SARS-CoV-2 spike deletion H69/V70
Kemp, S. A., Meng, B., Ferriera, I. A., Datir, R., Harvey, W. T., Papa, G., Lytras, S., Collier, D. A., Mohamed, A., Gallo, G., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.14.422555 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike variant D614G favors an open conformational state
Mansbach, R. A., Chakraborty, S., Nguyen, K., Montefiori, D. C., Korber, B., & Gnanakaran, S. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf3671 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Walls, A. C., Miranda, M. C., Schäfer, A., Pham, M. N., Greaney, A., Arunachalam, P. S., Navarro, M.-J., Tortorici, M. A., Rogers, K., O’Connor, M. A., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.015 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
“The SARS-CoV-2 S D614G mutation has become globally dominant and is associated with enhanced viral transmission and replication but does not significantly affect Abmediated neutralization (Hou et al., 2020; Korber et al., 2020; Plante et al., 2020; Yurkovetskiy et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRauch, S., Roth, N., Schwendt, K., Fotin-Mleczek, M., Mueller, S. O., & Petsch, B. (2021) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00311-w · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The N501Y spike substitution enhances SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Liu, Y., Liu, J., Plante, K. S., Plante, J. A., Xie, X., Zhang, X., Ku, Z., An, Z., Scharton, D., Schindewolf, C., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.08.434499 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
N-terminal domain antigenic mapping reveals a site of vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2
McCallum, M., Marco, A. D., Lempp, F., Tortorici, M. A., Pinto, D., Walls, A. C., Beltramello, M., Chen, A., Liu, Z., Zatta, F., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.14.426475 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Chakraborty, C., Bhattacharya, M., & Sharma, A. R. (2022) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2270 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Suryadevara, N., Shrihari, S., Gilchuk, P., VanBlargan, L. A., Binshtein, E., Zost, S. J., Nargi, R. S., Sutton, R. E., Winkler, E. S., Chen, E. C., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.427324 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Tablizo, F. A., Kim, K. M., Lapid, C. M., Castro, M. J. R., Yangzon, M. S. L., Maralit, B. A., Ayes, M. E. C., Cutiongco-de la Paz, E. M., De Guzman, A. R., Yap, J. M. C., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.03.21252812 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
CVnCoV protects human ACE2 transgenic mice from ancestral B BavPat1 and emerging B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2
Hoffmann, D., Corleis, B., Rauch, S., Roth, N., Mühe, J., Halwe, N. J., Ulrich, L., Fricke, C., Schön, J., Kraft, A., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.435960 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Coincident rapid expansion of two SARS-CoV-2 lineages with enhanced infectivity in Nigeria
Ozer, E. A., Simons, L. M., Adewumi, O. M., Fowotade, A. A., Omoruyi, E. C., Adeniji, J. A., Dean, T. J., Zayas, J., Bhimalli, P. P., Ash, M. K., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.04.09.21255206 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Shooting at a Moving Target—Effectiveness and Emerging Challenges for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development
Günl, F., Mecate-Zambrano, A., Rehländer, S., Hinse, S., Ludwig, S., & Brunotte, L. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9101052 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
de Mattos Barbosa, M. G., Liu, H., Huynh, D., Shelley, G., Keller, E. T., Emmer, B. T., Sherman, E., Ginsburg, D., Kennedy, A. A., Tai, A. W., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.147386 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lobaloba Ingoba, L., Djontu, J. C., Mfoutou Mapanguy, C. C., Mouzinga, F., Diafouka Kietela, S., Vouvoungui, C., Kuisma, E., Nguimbi, E., & Ntoumi, F. (2022) · IJID Regions · doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.01.002 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Structural Analysis of Spike Protein Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 P.3 Variant
Bascos, N. A. D., Mirano-Bascos, D., & Saloma, C. P. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.06.434059 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hou, Y. J., Chiba, S., Halfmann, P., Ehre, C., Kuroda, M., Dinnon, K. H., Leist, S. R., Schäfer, A., Nakajima, N., Takahashi, K., Lee, R. E., Mascenik, T. M., Graham, R., Edwards, C. E., Tse, L. V., Okuda, K., Markmann, A. J., Bartelt, L., de Silva, A., Margolis, D. M., Boucher, R. C., Randell, S. H., Suzuki, T., Gralinski, L. E., Kawaoka, Y., & Baric, R. S.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases (JP)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Hou, Yixuan J.
- Chiba, Shiho
- Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
- Baric, Ralph S.
- ORCID
- Hou, Yixuan J.
- Chiba, Shiho
- Halfmann, Peter
- Ehre, Camille
- Kuroda, Makoto
- Dinnon, Kenneth H.
- Leist, Sarah R.
- Schäfer, Alexandra
- Nakajima, Noriko
- Lee, Rhianna E.
- Mascenik, Teresa M.
- Graham, Rachel
- Edwards, Caitlin E.
- Tse, Longping V.
- Okuda, Kenichi
- Markmann, Alena J.
- Bartelt, Luther
- de Silva, Aravinda
- Margolis, David M.
- Boucher, Richard C.
- Randell, Scott H.
- Suzuki, Tadaki
- Gralinski, Lisa E.
- Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
- Baric, Ralph S.
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2020-12-18
- Volume
- 370
- Issue
- 6523
- Pages
- 1464-1468
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC7775736
- OpenAlex
- W3101992496
- Cited by
- 900
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 105 · 2022: 228 · 2021: 413 · 2020: 30
- FWCI
- 25.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- ImmPort
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AI110700, AI151797, AI069274, HHSN272201400008C, HHSN272201700036I, CA260543, UM1-AI126619)
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP20fk0108104, JP19fk0108110, JP19fk0108113, JP19fm0108006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, D614G mutation, spike protein, virus transmission, competitive fitness, viral replication, airway epithelial cells, ACE2 transgenic mice, golden hamster, viral pathogenesis, neutralizing antibodies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
