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PreprintCited by 17Plant Reproductive BiologyPlant Molecular Biology ResearchChromosomal and Genetic Variations

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A unique C-terminal domain contributes to the molecular function of restorer-of-fertility proteins in plant mitochondria

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Huynh, Sang Dang, Melonek, Joanna, Colas des Francs-Small, Catherine, Bond, Charles S., Small, Ian·2023·New Phytologist
DOI 10.1101/2023.05.02.538898

Preprint — published as 10.1111/nph.19166 · Paper page

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Abstract

Summary: Restorer-of-fertility ( Rf ) genes have practical applications in hybrid seed production as a means to control self-pollination. They encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins that are targeted to mitochondria where they specifically bind to transcripts that induce cytoplasmic male sterility and repress their expression. In searching for a molecular signature unique to this class of proteins, we found that a majority of known Rf proteins have a unique domain, which we called RfCTD ( Restorer-of-fertility C-terminal domain ), and its presence correlates with the ability to induce cleavage of the mitochondrial RNA target. We constructed a sequence profile that can quickly and accurately identify RfCTD sequences in plant genomes or transcriptomes. We screened 219 angiosperm genomes from 123 genera and found that each diploid genome encodes, on average, 25 Rf-like (RFL) proteins, of which approximately 55% contain the C-terminal signature domain. This screen also revealed considerable variation in RFL gene numbers across flowering plants. We observed that plant genera with bisexual flowers have significantly higher numbers of RFL genes compared to those with unisexual flowers, consistent with a role of these proteins in restoration of male fertility. Finally, we show that removing the RfCTD from the RFL protein RNA PROCESSING FACTOR 2- nad6 prevented cleavage of its RNA target, the nad6 transcript, in Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria. This research provides a simple way of identifying putative Rf candidates in genome sequences, new insights into the molecular mode of action of Rf proteins in plant mitochondria and expands our understanding of the evolution of fertility restoration in flowering plants.

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Metadata

Authors
Huynh, S. D., Melonek, J., Colas des Francs-Small, C., Bond, C. S., & Small, I.
Affiliations
The University of Western Australia (AU)
Corresponding author
  • Melonek, Joanna
  • Small, Ian
ORCID
Venue
New Phytologist
Publisher
openRxiv
Published
2023-05-02
Volume
240
Issue
2
Pages
830-845
ISSN
0028-646X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1101/2023.05.02.538898
OpenAlex
W4385647699
Cited by
17
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
FWCI
1.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • New Phytologist (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Australian Government
  • Government of Western Australia
  • Australian Research Council (CE140100008, LP200100547)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant Reproductive Biology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
Keywords
pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, cytoplasmic male sterility, male fertility restoration, mitochondrial RNA processing, flowering plant evolution, unisexual flowers, angiosperm genomes, Arabidopsis thaliana
MeSH terms
Cytoplasm, Fertility, Mitochondria, Plant Proteins, Genes, Plant, Arabidopsis, Plant Infertility

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