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Weight Loss-Independent Changes in Human Growth Hormone During Water-Only Fasting: A Secondary Evaluation of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.3389/fendo.2024.1401780
Abstract
Introduction: Water-only fasting for one day or more may provide health benefits independent of weight loss. Human growth hormone (HGH) may play a key role in multiple fasting-triggered mechanisms. Whether HGH changes during fasting are independent of weight loss and how basal HGH and HGH change relate to other fasting-induced changes are unknown. Methods: Apparently healthy individuals (N=30) were randomized by Latin square to begin two days with either 24-hour water-only fasting or a control of 24-hour ad libitum eating. On day 2, subjects were crossed over to control (if day 1 was fasting) or fasting (if they ate on day 1). HGH, weight, and other parameters were measured at baseline and at the end of the first and second days. Results: Baseline HGH had median 0.50 ng/mL for females (n=20) and 0.04 ng/mL for males (n=10), and correlated inversely with weight, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides and positively with changes in insulin and HOMA-IR. The 24-hour fasting-induced HGH change was uncorrelated with weight loss (r= 0.01, p=0.98), but correlated with changes in glucose, HGB, and IGF-1. The percent increase in HGH was greater (p<0.001) for lower (females ≤0.15 ng/mL, males ≤0.05 ng/mL) vs. higher baseline HGH (median: 1,225% vs. 50.3%, respectively). Subjects with lower baseline HGH had a trend to greater reduction of HOMA-IR (median: −6.15 vs. −1.35 for lower vs. higher HGH, respectively, p=0.08). Conclusions: Fasting increased HGH and the HGH changes were independent of weight loss. Basal HGH and fasting-induced HGH changes correlated inversely with cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Horne, B. D., Anderson, J. L., May, H. T., Bair, T. L., Le, V. T., Iverson, L., Knowlton, K. U., & Muhlestein, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Intermountain Medical Center (US)
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Horne, Benjamin D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Endocrinology
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2024-05-28
- Volume
- 15
- Pages
- 1401780-1401780
- ISSN
- 1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11842881
- OpenAlex
- W4407260944
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Intermountain Research and Medical Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- human growth hormone, water-only fasting, weight loss, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, insulin-like growth factor I, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, sex differences, cardiometabolic risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Water, Weight Loss, Cross-Over Studies, Human Growth Hormone, Young Adult
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