The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exploring fern pathosystems and immune receptors to bridge gaps in plant immunity
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1186/s12915-025-02413-6 · Paper page
Abstract
SUMMARY: Land plants include angiosperms, bryophytes, lycophytes and ferns, each of which may deploy distinct strategies to resist pathogens. Here, we investigate fern-pathogen interactions by characterizing novel pathosystems and analysing the diversity of fern immune receptors. A collection of fern species was inoculated with a diverse set of microbes, and disease symptoms were assessed. We further leveraged published genome mining tools to analyse the diversity of RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASES, RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEINS (RLKs/RLPs) and NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING AND LEUCINE-RICH REPEATS (NLRs), along with key immune signalling components, in ferns. Our results reveal that ferns exhibit a range of responses to pathogens, including non-host resistance and specific resistance mechanisms. Among ten ferns tested, Pteris vittata displays the broadest spectrum of pathogen compatibility. Genome mining indicates that ferns encode a diverse repertoire of putative immune receptors, antimicrobial peptides and mediators of systemic acquired resistance. Ferns possess numerous RLKs/RLPs, resembling those required for cell-surface immunity in angiosperms. They also encode diverse NLRs, including a previously undescribed class with a disordered N-terminal domain, termed disN-NLR. These findings provide insights into disease resistance evolution and open promising perspectives for crop protection strategies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold
Jumper, J., Evans, R., Pritzel, A., Green, T., Figurnov, M., Ronneberger, O., Tunyasuvunakool, K., Bates, R., Žídek, A., Potapenko, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2 · Cited by 43,764
Varadi, M., Bertoni, D., Magana, P., Paramval, U., Pidruchna, I., Radhakrishnan, M., Tsenkov, M., Nair, S., Mirdita, M., Yeo, J., et al. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad1011 · Cited by 2,052
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 103
- 10.1042/ebc20210075 · DOI
- 2024, Comparative transcriptomics in ferns reveals key innovations and divergent evolution of secondary cell wall, bioRxiv, 2024, 08
- 10.1640/0002-8444-110.3.79 · DOI
- 2023, Fern Family Clade Age and Fungal Pathogen Diversity, American Fern Journal, 113, 137
- 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.04.012 · DOI
- 2020, Plant NLR Diversity: The Known Unknowns of Pan-NLRomes A Brief History of Plant NLRs, The Plant Cell, 33, 814
- 10.1042/BCJ20220372 · DOI
- 10.1146/annurev-phyto-072910-095301 · DOI
- 10.3114/sim0014 · DOI · Paper page
- Caseys C , Shi G , Soltis N , Gwinner R , Corwin J , Atwell S , Kliebenstein DJ . 2021. Quantitative interactions: The disease outcome of Botrytis cinerea across the plant kingdom. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics 11: jkab175. · DOI
- 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.005 · DOI
- 10.1111/nph.15659 · DOI
- 2014, A novel conserved mechanism for plant NLR protein pairs: the ‘integrated decoy’ hypothesis, Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 606
- 10.1093/plcell/koae113 · DOI
- 10.1093/aob/mct299 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.050 · DOI
- 10.15252/embr.202357495 · DOI
- Delaux P-M , Schornack S . 2021. Plant evolution driven by interactions with symbiotic and pathogenic microbes. Science 371: eaba6605. · DOI
- 10.1111/nph.19131 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02130.x · DOI
- 10.1146/annurev-arplant-073019-025927 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.004 · DOI
- 10.1105/tpc.16.00486 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.pbi.2004.07.005 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.038 · DOI
- Dou R , Mahboubi K El , Tanney CAS , Chu J , Bredow M , Gallo MCR , Lauressergues D , Keller J , Miguel VN , DeFalco TA , et al. 2024. Conservation of an immune homeostasis module in land plants. bioRxiv: 2024.10.01.616128.
- 10.1104/pp.106.084079 · DOI
- 2019, Genetic modification to improve disease resistance in crops, New Phytologist, 225, 70
- 10.1038/s41477-022-01222-x · DOI
- Farrar DR , Dassler C , Watkins JE , Skelton C. 2008. Gametophyte ecology. In: Ranker T , Haufler C , eds. Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes. Cambridge University Press, 222–256. · DOI
- 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.04.006 · DOI
- 10.1007/s10535-012-0097-z · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00413.x · DOI
- 10.1093/plcell/koae179 · DOI
- 2005, Antifungal Activity of the Crude Extracts and Extracted Phenols from Gametophytes and Sporophytes of Two Species of Adiantum, Taiwania, 50, 272
- 10.1104/pp.104.044073 · DOI
- 10.1038/s41477-022-01146-6 · DOI
- 10.1111/nph.19981 · DOI
- 10.1093/plphys/kiac480 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0953756296003115 · DOI
- 10.1038/nature05286 · DOI · Paper page
- 2003, First Report of the Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Invasive Ferns, Lygodium microphyllum and L. japonicum, in Florida, Plant Disease, 87, 101, 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.1.101B · DOI
- 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.045 · DOI
- 10.1111/tpj.15653 · DOI
- 2019, Diversity of fungi on Taiwanese fern plants: review and new discoveries, Taiwania, 64, 163
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0058531 · DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001124 · DOI
- 10.1002/aps3.11464 · DOI
- 2020, The role of plant antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in response to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, Biological Communications, 65, 187
- Lehti-Shiu MD , Zou C , Shiu S-H. 2012. Origin, Diversity, Expansion History, and Functional Evolution of the Plant Receptor-Like Kinase/Pelle Family. In: Receptor-like Kinases in Plants. 1–22. · DOI
- 10.1038/s41477-018-0188-8 · DOI
- 10.1186/s12864-016-3197-x · DOI
- 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102363 · DOI
- 10.1098/rsob.230387 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102373 · DOI
- Ma LQ , Komar KM , Tu C , Zhang W , Cai Y , Kennelley ED. 2001. A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic. Nature 409: 579. · DOI
- 2016, First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Fusarium sp. NFCCI 2882 on Angiopteris evecta: A King Fern From Western Ghats, India, Plant Disease, 100, 646, 10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0427-PDN · DOI
- 10.1042/Ebc20210084 · DOI
- 10.1038/s41477-022-01226-7 · DOI
- 2012, Mycorrhizal association in gametophytes and sporophytes of the fern Pteris vittata (Pteridaceae) with Glomus intraradices, Revista de Biologia Tropical, 60, 857
- 10.3390/horticulturae10080799 · DOI
- 10.1104/pp.113.219162 · DOI
- 10.1111/nph.15012 · DOI
- 10.1093/PLCELL/KOAC041 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.012 · DOI
- 10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 · DOI
- 2012, Fusarium wilt: an overview, Environmental Research Journal, 6, 83
- 10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00127-0 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1094/MPMI-06-20-0161-CR · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2001.00055.x · DOI
- 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00526.x · DOI
- 10.1094/Phyto-69-875 · DOI
- 10.1111/tpj.17034 · DOI
- 10.1038/s41477-020-0613-7 · DOI
- 10.1111/nph.18652 · DOI
- 2021, Marchantia polymorpha model reveals conserved infection mechanisms in the vascular wilt fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, New Phytologist, 234, 227
- 2024, Diversity of Colletotrichum species on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) in Germany, Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 63, 155
- 10.2307/1546543 · DOI
- Sastry KS , Mandal B , Hammond J , Scott SW , Briddon RW . 2019. Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids. · DOI
- 10.1139/b80-141 · DOI
- 10.1038/nature02361 · DOI
- 10.1104/pp.15.01487 · DOI
- 2015, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, 12, 1233
- 10.2307/1545645 · DOI
- 10.1038/s41467-023-43276-1 · DOI
- 10.1104/pp.105.073510 · DOI
- 2001, The significance of carotenoids and tocopherols in photoprotection of seven epiphytic fern species of a Mexican cloud forest, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 28, 775, 10.1071/PP01068 · DOI
- Teyssier E , Grat S , Rich MK , Delaux P-M , Mbengue M . 2024. LysM-RLK plays an ancestral symbiotic function in plants. bioRxiv: 2024.01.16.575821. · DOI
- 10.1111/nph.12653 · DOI
- 10.2307/2399092 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.03.003 · DOI
- 10.1073/pnas.1619730114 · DOI
- 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100459 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04655.x · DOI
- Wang J , Wang J , Hu M , Qi J , Wang G , Han Z , Qi Y , Wang H-W , Zhou J-M , Chai J . 2019. Ligand-triggered allosteric ADP release primes a plant NLR complex. Science 364: eaav5868. · DOI
- 10.3732/ajb.94.4.701 · DOI
- 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02194.x · DOI
- 10.1126/science.aat2623 · DOI
- Yan Y , Mellüh J , Mecchia MA , Jeon H-W , Melkonian K , Holzberger C , Harzen A , Stolze SC , Franzen R , Hirakawa Y , et al. 2024. Conserved role of the SERK–BIR module in development and immunity across land plants. bioRxiv: 2024.08.14.607940. · DOI
- 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.068 · DOI
- 10.1038/415389a · DOI · Paper page
- Zhong Y , Liu Y , Wu W , Chen J , Sun C , Liu H , Shu J , Ebihara A , Yan Y , Zhou R , et al. 2022. Genomic Insights into Genetic Diploidization in the Homosporous Fern Adiantum nelumboides. Genome Biology and Evolution 14: evac127. · DOI
- 10.1007/s00251-007-0259-x · DOI
Metadata
- Authors
- Castel, B., Baker, M., Keller, J., Martinez, Y., Bonhomme, M., Delaux, P.-M., & Jacquet, C.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Jacquet, Christophe
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Biology
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2025-03-19
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 301-301
- ISSN
- 1741-7007 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12512272
- OpenAlex
- W4414985227
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-LABX-0041, ANR-21-CE20-0010)
- Ministère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche
- HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (101001675)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Keywords
- ferns, plant immunity, immune receptors, receptor-like kinases, receptor-like proteins, Pteris vittata, nonhost resistance, systemic acquired resistance, antimicrobial peptides, disease resistance evolution, genome mining
- MeSH terms
- Plant Diseases, Plant Proteins, Receptors, Immunologic, Ferns, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Plant Immunity, Disease Resistance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
