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Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
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The continuing spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most urgent and difficult challenges facing global TB control. Patients who are infected with strains resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, called multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, are practically incurable by standard first-line treatment. In 2012, there were approximately 450,000 new cases and 170,000 deaths because of MDR-TB. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB refers to MDR-TB strains that are resistant to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs. The main causes of the spread of resistant TB are weak medical systems, amplification of resistance patterns through incorrect treatment, and transmission in communities and facilities. Although patients harboring MDR and XDR strains present a formidable challenge for treatment, cure is often possible with early identification of resistance and use of a properly designed regimen. Community-based programs can improve treatment outcomes by allowing patients to be treated in their homes and addressing socioeconomic barriers to adherence.
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Treatment typically involves standard antitubercular therapy, which is effective in most cases, although multidrug-resistant TB can complicate treatment.
“Treatment typically involves standard antitubercular therapy, which is effective in most cases, although multidrug-resistant TB can complicate treatment [32,33,34].”
From Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Rare Diagnosis and the Role of Surgical Biopsy and Histopathological Evaluation in Extrapulmonary Disease (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
The Causes of Drug Resistance section (page unavailable) describes isoniazid- and rifampicin-containing short-course regimens as more effective and the standard of care. The Treatment passage (page unavailable) says MDR-TB is difficult to treat and reports a 48% global cure rate. The paper does not establish that standard therapy is effective in most cases, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Seung, K. J., Keshavjee, S., & Rich, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2015-04-27
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- a017863
- ISSN
- 2157-1422 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4561400
- OpenAlex
- W2107340859
- Cited by
- 805
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 70 · 2025: 147 · 2024: 136 · 2023: 165 · 2022: 105 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Keywords
- multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, isoniazid resistance, rifampicin resistance, fluoroquinolone resistance, second-line injectable drugs, transmission of drug-resistant strains, medication adherence, community-based treatment, global tuberculosis control, resistance monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Antitubercular Agents, Child, Community Health Services, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Isoniazid, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Rifampin, Global Health, Drug Design, HIV Infections, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Fluoroquinolones, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Coinfection
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