Cited by 144Skin and Cellular Biology ResearchNuclear Structure and FunctionSilk-based biomaterials and applications

Type III Intermediate Filaments Desmin, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Vimentin, and Peripherin

Open access
Hol, Elly M., Capetanaki, Yassemi·2017·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Abstract

SummaryType III intermediate filament (IF) proteins assemble into cytoplasmic homopolymeric and heteropolymeric filaments with other type III and some type IV IFs. These highly dynamic structures form an integral component of the cytoskeleton of muscle, brain, and mesenchymal cells. Here, we review the current ideas on the role of type III IFs in health and disease. It turns out that they not only offer resilience to mechanical strains, but, most importantly, they facilitate very efficiently the integration of cell structure and function, thus providing the necessary scaffolds for optimal cellular responses upon biochemical stresses and protecting against cell death, disease, and aging.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1101/cshperspect.a021642

Cites

150 of 150 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • GFAP astrocytes were almost limited to layer II in CNT, while they were abundant throughout layers I-III in AD.

    “Consistent with previous reports [90, 91] and similar to vimentin, GFAP astrocytes were almost limited to layer II in CNT, while they were abundant throughout layers I–III in AD.”

    From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp><i>APOE3</i></scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [91]

    Section 3.2.2 (page unavailable) reports increased GFAP in Alzheimer’s brain tissue, supporting the general association with AD. It does not report that GFAP-positive astrocytes are largely confined to layer II in controls or abundant across layers I–III in AD. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Alteration of cell shape is one of the changes associated with astroglial reactivity and modification of vimentin and GFAP.

    “alteration of cell shape is one of the changes associated with astroglial reactivity and modification of vimentin and GFAP [15, 28, 42, 43, 91].”

    From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp><i>APOE3</i></scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [91]

    Section 3.2.2 (GFAP in Reactive Gliosis; page unavailable) says reactive gliosis involves increased GFAP and vimentin and thicker intermediate-filament bundles in astrocytic processes. It does not explicitly identify altered cell shape as a feature of reactive gliosis; section 3.2.3 links morphology changes to filament-network changes in astrocytoma cells, a different setting. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Astroglial proliferation has also been related with GFAP upregulation.

    “Astroglial proliferation has also been related with GFAP upregulation [71, 91, 110].”

    From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp><i>APOE3</i></scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [91]

    Section 3.2.2 (page not available) states that GFAP is upregulated in reactive astrocytes during gliosis. It does not establish that astroglial proliferation, specifically, is related to that upregulation; reactivity and proliferation are not interchangeable. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Fine‐tuned modification of astrocytic GFAP and vimentin expression is critical for the execution of the astrocyte reactive program.

    “fine‐tuned modification of astrocytic GFAP and vimentin expression is critical for the execution of the astrocyte reactive program [28, 71, 91].”

    From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp><i>APOE3</i></scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [91]

    Section 3.2.2 (page unavailable) says GFAP and vimentin increase during reactive gliosis and that deficiency in GFAP or both proteins weakens the response. It does not establish that fine-tuned changes in their expression are critical for executing the reactive program; the section says the precise contributions of the intermediate-filament proteins need further study. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • GFAP influences astrocyte morphology.

    “Considering the differential abundance of GFAP in AD and APOEch, and as GFAP influences astrocyte morphology [45, 91, 92, 93], we analyzed morphometric descriptors related to the scale, complexity, and shape of both the astrocytes themselves and their spatial domains.”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Mitsui T, Kawajiri M, Kunishige M, Endo T, Akaike M, Aki K, Matsumoto T. 2000. Functional association between nicotinic acetylcholine recep- Type III Intermediate Filaments Cite this article as Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017;9:a021642 tor and sarcomeric proteins via actin and desmin filaments. J Cell Biochem 77: 584-595.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hol, E. M., & Capetanaki, Y.
Affiliations
  • Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NL)
  • Academy of Athens (GR)
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Published
2017-12
Volume
9
Issue
12
Pages
a021642
ISSN
1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2773697358
Cited by
144
References
150
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (publishedVersion)
  • KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (publishedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie
  • Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
  • Hersenstichting
  • Internationale Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR039617)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Silk-based biomaterials and applications
Keywords
type III intermediate filaments, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, peripherin, cytoskeleton, muscle cells, brain cells, mesenchymal cells, cell death protection, aging
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Brain Neoplasms, Cell Nucleus, Cell Survival, Cytoskeleton, Desmin, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Gliosis, Humans, Intermediate Filaments, Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Muscles, Nervous System, Stress, Mechanical, Vimentin, Signal Transduction, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Chaperones, Myocytes, Cardiac, Mice, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Peripherins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review