GFAP and vimentin deficiency alters gene expression in astrocytes and microglia in wild‐type mice and changes the transcriptional response of reactive glia in mouse model for A lzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
Reactive astrocytes with an increased expression of intermediate filament (IF) proteins Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Vimentin (VIM) surround amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The functional consequences of this upregulation are unclear. To identify molecular pathways coupled to IF regulation in reactive astrocytes, and to study the interaction with microglia, we examined WT and APPswe/PS1dE9 (AD) mice lacking either GFAP, or both VIM and GFAP, and determined the transcriptome of cortical astrocytes and microglia from 15‐ to 18‐month‐old mice. Genes involved in lysosomal degradation (including several cathepsins) and in inflammatory response (including Cxcl5, Tlr6, Tnf, Il1b) exhibited a higher AD‐induced increase when GFAP, or VIM and GFAP, were absent. The expression of Aqp4 and Gja1 displayed the same pattern. The downregulation of neuronal support genes in astrocytes from AD mice was absent in GFAP/VIM null mice. In contrast, the absence of IFs did not affect the transcriptional alterations induced by AD in microglia, nor was the cortical plaque load altered. Visualizing astrocyte morphology in GFAP‐eGFP mice showed no clear structural differences in GFAP/VIM null mice, but did show diminished interaction of astrocyte processes with plaques. Microglial proliferation increased similarly in all AD groups. In conclusion, absence of GFAP, or both GFAP and VIM, alters AD‐induced changes in gene expression profile of astrocytes, showing a compensation of the decrease of neuronal support genes and a trend for a slightly higher inflammatory expression profile. However, this has no consequences for the development of plaque load, microglial proliferation, or microglial activation. GLIA 2015;63:1036–1056
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The consensus is that reduction in astrocyte density leads to higher amyloid levels, without changes in its aggregation or deposition.
“Therefore, it seems that the consensus is that the reduction in astrocyte density leads to higher amyloid levels, without changes in its aggregation or deposition.”
From Pharmacological ablation of astrocytes reduces Aβ degradation and synaptic connectivity in an ex vivo model of Alzheimer’s disease (2021) · cites this paper as [30]
These results reinforce the function of astrocytes regulating synapsis in AD.
“These results reinforce the function of astrocytes regulating synapsis in AD, shown by us and others [17, 43].”
From Pharmacological ablation of astrocytes reduces Aβ degradation and synaptic connectivity in an ex vivo model of Alzheimer’s disease (2021) · cites this paper as [43]
Manipulation of reactive astrocytes has resulted in improved outcomes, worse outcomes, and no change in mouse models of AD and MS.
“For example, the manipulation of reactive astrocytes has resulted in improved outcomes38,42,43, worse35 outcomes, and no change44 in mouse models of AD and MS40,45,46.”
From Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [44]
GFAP and vimentin provide mechanical sustenance for astrocyte shape and support the functional profile of reactive astrocytes through transcriptional modulation of target genes involved in astroglial and microglial responsiveness.
“which not only provide mechanical sustenance for the maintenance of astrocyte shape, but also support the functional profile of reactive astrocytes through transcriptional modulation of target genes involved in astroglial and microglial responsiveness [44, 45].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp><i>APOE3</i></scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
Vimentin and GFAP link astrocyte structure and gliovascular function, and are associated with cytoplasmic proteins participating in signal transduction pathways.
“Vimentin and GFAP link astrocyte structure and gliovascular function [90, 92], and are associated with cytoplasmic proteins [92] participating in signal transduction pathways [44, 45, 106, 107].”
From Gliovascular alterations in sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease: <scp><i>APOE3</i></scp> Christchurch homozygote glioprotection (2023) · cites this paper as [44]
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- Authors
- Kamphuis, W., Kooijman, L., Orre, M., Stassen, O., Pekny, M., & Hol, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NL)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kamphuis, Willem
- Venue
- Glia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-03-02
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1036-1056
- ISSN
- 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-1136
- OpenAlex
- W1925771428
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 9.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dspace.library.uu.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Glia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (publishedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Åbo Akademi University Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- AFA Research Foundation, ALF Göteborg (project 11392)
- EU FP 7 Program TargetBraIn (project 279017)
- Internationale Stichting Alzheimer Onderzoek (ISAO 08504/12509)
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VICI grant 865.09.003 to E.M.H.)
- Swedish Medical Research Council (project 11548)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, intermediate filaments, astrocytes, microglia, reactive glia, APP/PS1 mice, amyloid plaques, transcriptome, lysosomal degradation, cathepsins, neuroinflammation, aquaporin-4, connexin 43, astrocyte-microglia interaction, microglial proliferation
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Astrocytes, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Vimentin, Gene Expression, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Microglia, Cell Proliferation, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Presenilin-1, Chemokine CXCL5, Mice, 129 Strain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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