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Natural history, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis of hepatitis A.
Open accessAbstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis. The clinical manifestations of HAV infection range from asymptomatic infection to acute liver failure (ALF), but do not include progression to chronic hepatitis. Risk factors for severe acute hepatitis A are older age (>40 years) and preexisting liver disease. Some patients may show atypical clinical features such as relapsing hepatitis, prolonged cholestasis, or extrahepatic manifestations. Almost all hepatitis A patients spontaneously recover with supportive care. However, in the case of ALF (<1%), intensive care and urgent decision on liver transplantation are required. Liver injury during hepatitis A is not directly caused by HAV but is known to be caused by immune-mediated mechanisms. In this review, the natural history and clinical manifestations of hepatitis A are described. In addition, mechanisms of immunopathogenesis in hepatitis A are discussed.
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HAV infection has an incubation period of approximately 28 days (range: 15-50 days).
“HAV infection has an incubation period of approximately 28 days (range: 15–50 days) (1296).”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [1296]
The Natural History of Hepatitis A section gives the same 15–50-day incubation range, but reports a mean of 30 days rather than approximately 28 days. The range is supported; the stated central estimate does not match the source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shin, E.-C., & Jeong, S.-H.
- Affiliations
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2018-02-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- a031708
- ISSN
- 2157-1422 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6120688
- OpenAlex
- W2785472073
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
- National Research Foundation (NRF-2014R1A2A1A10053662)
- Seoul National University
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Seoul National University Hospital
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Keywords
- hepatitis A virus, acute viral hepatitis, acute liver failure, fecal-oral transmission, clinical features, cholestasis, extrahepatic manifestations, immunopathogenesis, immune-mediated liver injury, liver transplantation, natural history (disease)
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Hepatitis A, Humans, Liver, Risk Factors, Liver Transplantation, Liver Failure, Acute, Disease Progression, Hepatitis A Vaccines, Hepatitis A virus
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