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polι, a remarkably error-prone human DNA polymerase
Open accessAbstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD30 gene encodes DNA polymerase η. Humans possess two Rad30 homologs. One ( RAD30A/POLH ) has previously been characterized and shown to be defective in humans with the Xeroderma pigmentosum variant phenotype. Here, we report experiments demonstrating that the second human homolog ( RAD30B ), also encodes a novel DNA polymerase that we designate polι. polι, is a distributive enzyme that is highly error-prone when replicating undamaged DNA. At template G or C, the average error frequency was ∼1 × 10 −2 . Our studies revealed, however, a striking asymmetry in misincorporation frequency at template A and T. For example, template A was replicated with the greatest accuracy, with misincorporation of G, A, or C occurring with a frequency of ∼1 × 10 −4 to 2 × 10 −4 . In dramatic contrast, most errors occurred at template T, where the misincorporation of G was, in fact, favored ∼3:1 over the correct nucleotide, A, and misincorporation of T occurred at a frequency of ∼6.7 × 10 −1 . These findings demonstrate that polι is one of the most error-prone eukaryotic polymerases reported to date and exhibits an unusual misincorporation spectrum in vitro.
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“The most striking violation of Watson-Crick base pairing rules is exhibited by Pol , which inserts dGTP opposite template T even more efficiently than it inserts A opposite T (12-14), i.e. its error rate for this mispair approaches 1 (Fig. 1).”
From DNA Replication Fidelity (2004) · cites this paper as [12]
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“In vitro studies have shown that Pol ι preferentially inserts a G instead of an A opposite T (Tissier et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2000), potentially resulting in G to A and C to T transition mutations during SHM.”
REV1 inhibition enhances trinucleotide repeat mutagenesis
Siegel, A., Almstead, D., Kothandaraman, N., Reich, J., Lamkin, E. N., Victor, J., Grover, A., Ikeh, K., Koval, H., Crompton, A., et al. (2025) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.250234 · Cited by 2
Moro, S. L., & Cocco, M. J. (2015) · Biomolecular NMR Assignments · doi:10.1007/s12104-015-9626-y · Cited by 2
“1999a, b), pol i (McDonald et al. 1999; Tissier et al. 2000), and Rev1 (Lin et al.”
BackgroundSelective Modulation of DNA Polymerase Activity by Fixed‐Conformation Nucleoside Analogues
Eoff, R. L., McGrath, C. E., Maddukuri, L., Salamanca-Pinzon, S. G., Márquez, V. E., Marnett, L. J., Guengerich, F. P., & Egli, M. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201003168 · Cited by 2
Cellular Responses to DNA Damage
Klapacz, J., & Gollapudi, B. B. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.95611-3 · Cited by 2
DNA damage tolerance in mammalian cells
Andersen, P. L. (2009) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan) · Cited by 2
The role of DNA polymerases, in particular DNA polymerase ε in DNA repair and replication
Pospiech, H. (2002) · Cited by 2
Masutani, C., & Hanaoka, F. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6722-8_12 · Cited by 1
Strauss, B. S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800892-8.00001-4 · Cited by 1
IMPLICATIONS FOR THERAPY Personalized Therapy of Cancer
Yamanaka, K., & Lloyd, R. (2013) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14587-12 · Cited by 1
Enhanced Activity of DNA Polymerase Iota in Mouse Brain Cells Is Associated with Aggressiveness
Gening, L. V., Kamensky, A. A., Levitskaya, N. G., Petrochenkov, A. N., Полетаева, И. И., & Tarantul, V. Z. (2005) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1007/s10541-005-0240-y · Cited by 1
The Biology of Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Cleaver, J. E. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-994-3_16 · Cited by 1
Cleaver, J. E., Collins, C. C., Ellis, J., & Volik, S. V. (2003) · Genomics · doi:10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00180-0
DNA Damage Tolerance and Translesion Synthesis
Lehmann, A. R. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2561-6_10
“opposite a template T [139].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Tissier, A., McDonald, J. P., Frank, E. G., & Woodgate, R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1642-1650
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- PMC
- PMC316739
- OpenAlex
- W1908705633
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Keywords
- DNA polymerase eta, error-prone DNA replication, xeroderma pigmentosum variant, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, Humans, Isoenzymes, Mutation, DNA Primers
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