Cited by 246Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyMicrobial Natural Products and BiosynthesisBiochemical and Structural Characterization

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The chaplins: a family of hydrophobic cell-surface proteins involved in aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces coelicolor

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Elliot, Marie A., Karoonuthaisiri, Nitsara, Huang, Jianqiang, Bibb, Maureen J., Cohen, Stanley N., Kao, Camilla M., Buttner, Mark J.·2003·Genes & Development

DOI 10.1101/gad.264403PMC PMC196181

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Abstract

The filamentous bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor differentiates by forming specialized, spore-bearing aerial hyphae that grow into the air. Using microarrays, we identified genes that are down-regulated in a mutant unable to erect aerial hyphae. Through this route, we identified a previously unknown layer of aerial mycelium surface proteins (the “chaplins”). The chaplins share a hydrophobic domain of ∼40 residues (the “chaplin domain”), and all have a secretion signal. The five short chaplins (ChpD,E,F,G,H) have one chaplin domain, whereas the three long chaplins (ChpA,B,C) have two chaplin domains and a C-terminal “sorting signal” that targets them for covalent attachment to the cell wall by sortase enzyme. Expression of the two chaplin genes examined ( chpE, chpH ) depended on aerial hyphae formation but not sporulation, and egfp fusions showed their expression localized to aerial structures. Mass spectrometry of cell wall extracts confirmed that the short chaplins localized to the cell surface. Deletion of chaplin genes caused severe delays in aerial hyphae formation, a phenotype rescued by exogenous application of chaplin proteins. These observations implicate the chaplins in aerial mycelium formation, and suggest that coating of the envelope by the chaplins is required for aerial hyphae to grow out of the aqueous environment of the substrate mycelium into the air.

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Authors: Elliot, M. A., Karoonuthaisiri, N., Huang, J., Bibb, M. J., Cohen, S. N., Kao, C. M., & Buttner, M. J.
Affiliations: John Innes Centre (GB)
Stanford University (US)
Stanford Medicine (US)
ORCID: Elliot, Marie A.
Karoonuthaisiri, Nitsara
Huang, Jianqiang
Bibb, Maureen J.
Cohen, Stanley N.
Kao, Camilla M.
Buttner, Mark J.
Venue: Genes & Development
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Published: 2003-06-27
Volume: 17
Issue: 14
Pages: 1727-1740
ISSN: 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
1549-5477
DOI: 10.1101/gad.264403
PMC: PMC196181
OpenAlex: W2126316619
Cited by: 246
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 23
Type: posted content
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Genes & Development (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Structural Characterization
Keywords: Charlie Chaplin, Streptomyces coelicolor, aerial hyphae formation, aerial mycelium, cell surface proteins, hydrophobic domains, sortase, gene expression regulation
MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Wall, Molecular Sequence Data, Proteins, Streptomyces, Sequence Alignment, Gene Expression Profiling, Hyphae, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions

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The chaplins: a family of hydrophobic cell-surface proteins involved in aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces coelicolor

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