The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Structure, sequence, and position of the stem-loop in tar determine transcriptional elongation by tat through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat.
Open accessAbstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-encoded trans-activator (tat) increases HIV gene expression and replication. Previously, we demonstrated that tat facilitates elongation of transcription through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and that short transcripts corresponding to prematurely terminated RNA are released and accumulate in the absence of tat. Here, using a transient expression assay, we tested clustered and compensatory mutations, as well as 3' deletions, in the trans-acting responsive region (tar) and observed that the primary sequence in the loop and secondary structure in the stem of the stem-loop in tar are required for trans-activation by tat. Insertions in the 5' region of tar revealed that tar must be near the site of HIV-1 initiation of transcription for trans-activation by tat. Deletions (3') and an insertion in tar demonstrated that an intact stem-loop is required for the recovery of prematurely terminated transcripts. Short and full-length transcripts were observed also with HIV type 2 (HIV-2) in the absence and presence of tat, respectively. We conclude that an intact stem-loop in tar is essential for trans-activation by tat and that initiation of transcription by HIV-1 promoter factors and elongation of transcription by tat are coupled.
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Self-citation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Selby, M. J., Bain, E. S., Luciw, P. A., & Peterlin, B. M.
- Venue
- Genes & Development
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 1989-04
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 547-558
- ISSN
- 0890-9369 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5477
- OpenAlex
- W1978539107
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 59
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Structure, sequence, and position of the stem-loop in tar determine transcriptional elongation by tat through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1101/gad.3.4.547
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- Selby, M. J., Bain, E. S., Luciw, P. A., & Peterlin, B. M. (1989). Structure, sequence, and position of the stem-loop in tar determine transcriptional elongation by tat through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Genes & Development. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.3.4.547
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