The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Human Genome Browser at UCSC
Open accessAbstract
As vertebrate genome sequences near completion and research refocuses to their analysis, the issue of effective genome annotation display becomes critical. A mature web tool for rapid and reliable display of any requested portion of the genome at any scale, together with several dozen aligned annotation tracks, is provided at http://genome.ucsc.edu . This browser displays assembly contigs and gaps, mRNA and expressed sequence tag alignments, multiple gene predictions, cross-species homologies, single nucleotide polymorphisms, sequence-tagged sites, radiation hybrid data, transposon repeats, and more as a stack of coregistered tracks. Text and sequence-based searches provide quick and precise access to any region of specific interest. Secondary links from individual features lead to sequence details and supplementary off-site databases. One-half of the annotation tracks are computed at the University of California, Santa Cruz from publicly available sequence data; collaborators worldwide provide the rest. Users can stably add their own custom tracks to the browser for educational or research purposes. The conceptual and technical framework of the browser, its underlying MYSQL database, and overall use are described. The web site currently serves over 50,000 pages per day to over 3000 different users.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To identify specific genes with reduced H3K9me2 levels, we performed H3K9me2-based ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) in biological duplicate (Fig. 4a, http://genome.ucsc.edu30), and validated significantly H3K9me2 depleted genes with quantitative PCR (qPCR) (Fig. 4b).”
From Tau promotes neurodegeneration through global chromatin relaxation (2014) · cites this paper as [30]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“we have observed that the genomic region distal to the HSA2 fusion site maps well to the near-telomeric region of chimpanzee chromosome 2B, and thus the corresponding UBCS statistics has high values (Fig. 1).”
From Revised time estimation of the ancestral human chromosome 2 fusion (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Hematologic phenotypes of a balanced mix of male and female mice for all models were examined at more than 7 weeks of age to avoid inter-individual variation42.”
From Genetic dissection of the α-globin super-enhancer in vivo (2016) · cites this paper as [42]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Examples include the Human Genome Browser at UCSC (119), the STRBase (120) maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Maryland, US) or the Tandem Repeats Database (TRDB; (121)).”
From Tandem repeats lead to sequence assembly errors and impose multi-level challenges for genome and protein databases (2019) · cites this paper as [119]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, C. F. G. R., Lander, E. S., Linton, L. M., Birren, B., Nusbaum, C., Zody, M. C., Baldwin, J., Devon, K., Dewar, K., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057062 · Cited by 24,216
Tandem repeats finder: a program to analyze DNA sequences
Benson, G. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.2.573 · Cited by 9,374
<tt>BLAT</tt> —The <tt>BLAST</tt> -Like Alignment Tool
Kent, W. J. (2002) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.229202 · Cited by 8,480
Self-citationInternational System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature
National Cancer Institute (2020) · Definitions · doi:10.32388/78qroa · Cited by 6,831
Genome Sequence of the Nematode C. elegans : A Platform for Investigating Biology
Berg, J. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2012 · Cited by 4,458
Prediction of complete gene structures in human genomic DNA
Burge, C., & Karlin, S. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.0951 · Cited by 4,211
A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms
The International SNP Map Working Group, Laboratories:, C. S. H., Sachidanandam, R., Weissman, D., Schmidt, S. C., Kakol, J. M., Stein, L. D., National Center for Biotechnology Information:, Marth, G., Sherry, S., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057149 · Cited by 2,977
A comprehensive genetic map of the human genome based on 5,264 microsatellites
Dib, C., Fauré, S., Fizames, C., Samson, D. S., Drouot, N., Alain Vignal, A., Millasseau, P., Marc, S., Kazan, J., Seboun, E., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/380152a0 · Cited by 2,927
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22
Dunham, I., Hunt, A. R., Collins, J. E., Bruskiewich, R., Beare, D. M., Clamp, M. E., Smink, L. J., Ainscough, R., Almeida, J. P., Babbage, A., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/990031 · Cited by 1,147
SGD: Saccharomyces Genome Database
Cherry, J. M. (1998) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/26.1.73 · Cited by 1,145
Ab initio Gene Finding in Drosophila Genomic DNAPreprint
Salamov, A. A., & Solovyev, V. V. (2000) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.10.4.516 · Cited by 1,129
Comprehensive Human Genetic Maps: Individual and Sex-Specific Variation in Recombination
Broman, K. W., Murray, J. C., Sheffield, V. C., White, R. L., & Weber, J. L. (1998) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/302011 · Cited by 1,068
Interspersed repeats and other mementos of transposable elements in mammalian genomes
Smit, A. F. (1999) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00031-3 · Cited by 949
A physical map of the human genome
McPherson, J. D., Marra, M. A., Hillier, L., Waterston, R., Chinwalla, A., Wallis, J. W., Sekhon, M., Wylie, K. M., Mardis, E. R., Wilson, R. K., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057157 · Cited by 925
Self-citationRefSeq and LocusLink: NCBI gene-centered resources
Pruitt, K. D. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.1.137 · Cited by 884
Repbase Update: a database and an electronic journal of repetitive elements
Jurka, J. (2000) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(00)02093-x · Cited by 883
An STS-Based Map of the Human Genome
Hudson, T. J., Stein, L. D., Gerety, S. S., Ma, J., Castle, A. B., Silva, J., Slonim, D. K., Baptista, R., Kruglyak, L., Xu, S., et al. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5244.1945 · Cited by 773
A Physical Map of 30,000 Human Genes
Deloukas, P., Schuler, G. D., Gyapay, G., Beasley, E., Soderlund, C. A., Rodriguez‐Tomé, P., Hui, L., Matise, T. C., McKusick, K. B., Beckmann, J. S., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5389.744 · Cited by 704
Chemical differentiation along metaphase chromosomes
Caspersson, T. O., Farber, S., Foley, G. E., Kudynowski, J., Modest, E. J., Simonsson, E., Wagh, U. V., & Zech, L. (1968) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/0014-4827(68)90538-7 · Cited by 553
Benson, D. A., Boguski, M. S., Lipman, D. J., Ostell, J., Ouellette, B. F. F., Rapp, B. A., & Wheeler, D. L. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.1.12 · Cited by 508
The Distributed Annotation System
Dowell, R. D., Jokerst, R. M., Day, A., Eddy, S. R., & Stein, L. D. (2001) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-2-7 · Cited by 447
Experimental annotation of the human genome using microarray technology
Shoemaker, D. D., Schadt, E. E., Armour, C. D., He, Y. D., Garrett-Engele, P. W., MCDONAGH, P. D., Loerch, P., Leonardson, A. S., Lum, P. Y., Cavet, G., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057141 · Cited by 440
SAGEmap: A Public Gene Expression ResourcePreprint
Lash, A., Tolstoshev, C. M., Wagner, L., Schuler, G. D., Strausberg, R. L., Riggins, G. J., & Altschul, S. F. (2000) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.10.7.1051 · Cited by 418
A public database for gene expression in human cancers.
Lal, A., Lash, A., Altschul, S. F., Velculescu, V. E., Zhang, L., McLendon, R. E., Marra, M. A., Prange, C. K., Morin, P. J., Polyák, K., et al. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 414
A generalized hidden Markov model for the recognition of human genes in DNA.
Kulp, D., Haussler, D. H., Reese, M. G., & Eeckman, F. H. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 389
WormBase: network access to the genome and biology of Caenorhabditis elegans
Stein, L. D. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.1.82 · Cited by 330
Crollius, H. R., Jaillon, O., Bernot, A., Silva, C. D., Bouneau, L., Fischer, C., Fizames, C., Wincker, P., Brottier, P., Quétier, F., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/76118 · Cited by 317
Integration of cytogenetic landmarks into the draft sequence of the human genome
Cheung, V. G., Nowak, N., Jang, W., Kirsch, I. R., Zhao, S., Chen, X. N., Furey, T. S., Kim, U.-J., Kuo, W.-L., Olivier, M., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057192 · Cited by 317
Self-citationKent, W. J., & Zahler, A. M. (2000) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.10.8.1115 · Cited by 286
Self-citationGenome analysis : a laboratory manual
Green, E. D. (1997) · Cited by 248
Maglott, D. R. (2000) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.126 · Cited by 171
Assembly of the Working Draft of the Human Genome with GigAssemblerPreprint
Kent, W. J., & Haussler, D. H. (2001) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.183201 · Cited by 146
Self-citationBirney, E., & Durbin, R. M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 117
Electronic PCR: bridging the gap between genome mapping and genome sequencing
Schuler, G. D. (1998) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01232-3 · Cited by 100
The Intronerator: exploring introns and alternative splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Kent, W. J. (2000) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.91 · Cited by 89
Self-citationEeckman, F. H., & Durbin, R. M. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 71
Birney, E., Bateman, A. G., Clamp, M. E., & Hubbard, T. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35057004 · Cited by 63
Eeckman, F. H., & Durbin, R. M. (1995) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61405-3 · Cited by 60
A systematic, high-resolution linkage of the cytogenetic and physical maps of the human genome
Kirsch, I. R., Green, E. D., Yonescu, R., Strausberg, R. L., Carter, N., Bentley, D., Leversha, M. A., Dunham, I., Braden, V. V., Hilgenfeld, E., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/74149 · Cited by 49
Integrating database homology in a probabilistic gene structure model.
Kulp, D., Haussler, D. H., Reese, M. G., & Eeckman, F. H. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 43
Kelley, S. (2000) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/1.2.131 · Cited by 17
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools
Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Abecasis, G., Durbin, R., & 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352 · Cited by 62,041
The Genome Analysis Toolkit: A MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data
McKenna, A., Hanna, M., Banks, E., Sivachenko, A., Cibulskis, K., Kernytsky, A., Garimella, K., Altshuler, D., Gabriel, S., Daly, M., et al. (2010) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.107524.110 · Cited by 27,895
BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features
Quinlan, A. R., & Hall, I. M. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033 · Cited by 27,437
featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features
Liao, Y., Smyth, G. K., & Shi, W. (2014) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt656 · Cited by 27,219
RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome
Li, B., & Dewey, C. N. (2011) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-12-323 · Cited by 22,179
Metadata
- Authors
- Kent, W. J., Sugnet, C. W., Furey, T. S., Roskin, K. M., Pringle, T. H., Zahler, A. M., & Haussler, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Venue
- Genome Research
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2002-05-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 996-1006
- ISSN
- 1088-9051 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5469
- PMC
- PMC186604
- OpenAlex
- W2128016314
- Cited by
- 10,400
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 174 · 2025: 366 · 2024: 686 · 2023: 771 · 2022: 765 · 2021: 828 · 2020: 714 · 2019: 677 · 2018: 594 · 2017: 526 · 2016: 530 · 2015: 522 · 2014: 461 · 2013: 449 · 2012: 362
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Genome Research (publishedVersion)
- Genome Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (FG0399ER62849)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (P41HG002371, 1P41 HG 02371-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Keywords
- UCSC Genome Browser, expressed sequence tags, gene prediction, cross-species homology, single nucleotide polymorphisms, sequence-tagged sites, MySQL
- MeSH terms
- California, Database Management Systems, Genes, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Software, Universities, Gene Expression, Genome, Human, Databases, Genetic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review