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Cited by 343Quantum and Classical ElectrodynamicsParticle physics theoretical and experimental studiesBlack Holes and Theoretical Physics

Quantum Field Theory of Particles with Both Electric and Magnetic Charges

Zwanziger, Daniel·1968·Physical Review
DOI 10.1103/physrev.176.1489
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Abstract

The quantum field theory of particles with both electric and magnetic charges is developed as an obvious extension of Schwinger's quantum field theory of particles with either electric or magnetic charge. Two new results immediately follow. The first is the chiral equivalence theorem which states the unitary equivalence of the Hamiltonians describing the system of particles with electric and magnetic charges ${e}_{n}$, ${g}_{n}$ and the system with charges ${{e}_{n}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=cos\ensuremath{\theta}$, ${e}_{n}+sin\ensuremath{\theta}{g}_{n}$, ${{g}_{n}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\ensuremath{-}sin\ensuremath{\theta}{e}_{n}+cos\ensuremath{\theta}{g}_{n}$. This result holds in particular in the absence of physical magnetic charges. The second result is that if physical magnetic charges do occur, then, in consequence of chiral equivalence, the charge quantization condition applies, not to the separate products ${e}_{m}{g}_{n}$, but to the combinations ${e}_{m}{g}_{n}\ensuremath{-}{g}_{m}{e}_{n}$, which must be integral multiples of $4\ensuremath{\pi}$. The general solution of this condition leads to the introduction of a second elementary quantum of electric charge ${e}_{2}$, the electric charge on the Dirac monopole, besides the first elementary charge ${e}_{1}$, the charge on the electron. There are no other free parameters.

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Crossref · 10.1103/physrev.176.1489

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15 of 15 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Physically meaningful properties of the field should respect the Heaviside-Larmor symmetry.

    “It follows that physically meaningful properties of the fi eld should also respect this symmetry [37] and this idea has been useful in deriving forms for the spin and orbital angular momenta of the fi eld [38, 39] and for its helicity [40 -45].”

    From Optical Dirac equation (2014) · cites this paper as [42]

  • The required form of the helicity density within the optical Dirac equation is obtained by defining the helicity operator to be Σ·p/p^2, yielding the familiar expression.

    “which is the familiar expression [40 -45, 78].”

    From Optical Dirac equation (2014) · cites this paper as [42]

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Authors
Zwanziger, D.
Affiliations
New York University (US)
Corresponding author
Zwanziger, Daniel
Venue
Physical Review
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
1968-12-25
Volume
176
Issue
5
Pages
1489-1495
ISSN
0031-899X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1103/physrev.176.1489
OpenAlex
W2798042909
Semantic Scholar
90831186b484ee6e27d36dd0c82fe75f042ebd19
Cited by
343
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
FWCI
2.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)
Locations
Physical Review (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Keywords
magnetic monopoles, electric and magnetic charges, Dirac monopole, charge quantization, elementary charge, Dirac quantization

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