Background level and counter efficiencies required for a loophole-free Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment
Abstract
An analysis is made of the background level and counter efficiencies actually necessary to perform a loophole-free Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment. Both requirements are correlated. Photon counters do not absolutely have to have more than 82.8% efficiency if the signal-over-noise ratio is very high.
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Eberhard (1993) lowered this threshold to 67% by employing Clauser and Horne (1974) inequalities, albeit for non-maximally entangled states only.
“Eberhard (1993) managed to lower this threshold to 67% by employing, effectively, the Clauser and Horne (1974) inequalities, albeit for non-maximally entangled states, only.”
From Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry (2012) · cites this paper as Eberhard (1993)
Non-maximally entangled states allow logical arguments that demonstrate the nonlocality of quantum mechanics without inequalities.
“as well as allowing logical arguments that demonstrate the nonlocality of quantum mechanics without inequalities [14-16].”
From Nonmaximally Entangled States: Production, Characterization, and Utilization (1999) · cites this paper as [15]
Quantum mechanics violates local realism.
“Quantum mechanics violates local realism”
From Nonmaximally Entangled States: Production, Characterization, and Utilization (1999) · cites this paper as [15]
Hardy's test measures a state of the form (|HH> + ε|VV>) via four particular pairs of analyzer settings.
“a state of the form ( | HH 〉 + ε | VV 〉 ) is measured via four particular pairs of analyzer settings.”
From Nonmaximally Entangled States: Production, Characterization, and Utilization (1999) · cites this paper as [15]
Hardy proposed an 'all-or-nothing' test of local realism.
“Recently Hardy proposed an 'all-or-nothing' test of local realism [14,15].”
From Nonmaximally Entangled States: Production, Characterization, and Utilization (1999) · cites this paper as [15]
All tests have found that, modulo some physically reasonable assumptions, nature does indeed violate local realism in accordance with quantum mechanics.
“All tests have found that, modulo some physically reasonable assumptions, nature does indeed violate local realism in accordance with quantum mechanics.”
From Nonmaximally Entangled States: Production, Characterization, and Utilization (1999) · cites this paper as [15]
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References 10 · Cited by 582
- Authors
- Eberhard, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eberhard, Philippe H.
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1993-02-01
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- R747-R750
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 1050-2947
- 1094-1622
- OpenAlex
- W1969551467
- Cited by
- 582
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 74 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment, quantum entanglement, photon detection efficiency, signal-to-noise ratio, Bell tests, quantum foundations
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