Heavy fragment production cross sections from 1.05 GeV/nucleon 56Fe in C, Al, Cu, Pb, and CH2 targets
Open accessAbstract
We have obtained charge-changing cross sections and partial cross sections for fragmentation of 1.05 GeV/nucleon Fe projectiles incident on H, C, Al, Cu, and Pb nuclei. The energy region covered by this experiment is critical for an understanding of galactic cosmic ray propagation and space radiation biophysics. Surviving primary beam particles and fragments with charges from 12 to 25 produced within a forward cone of half-angle 61 mrad were detected using a silicon detector telescope to identify their charge and the cross sections were calculated after correction of the measured yields for finite target thickness effects. The cross sections are compared to model calculations and to previous measurements. Cross sections for the production of fragments with even-numbered nuclear charges are seen to be enhanced in almost all cases.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Using measured cross sections, the nuclear mean free path of an iron ion is only about 12 g/cm2, roughly half of the typical vertical column depth at Gale Crater.
“For instance, using measured cross sections (Zeitlin et al. 1997), the nuclear mean free path of an iron ion is only about 12 g/ cm 2 , roughly half of the typical vertical column depth at Gale Crater.”
From Radiation environment for future human exploration on the surface of Mars: the current understanding based on MSL/RAD dose measurements (2021) · cites this paper as Zeitlin et al. 1997
Table 1 (page unavailable) reports measured charge-changing cross sections for iron ions on several targets, supporting the cited basis for a mean-free-path calculation. The paper does not state a mean free path of about 12 g/cm² or calculate one for the atmosphere; it also gives no Gale Crater column depth. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Heavy Nuclei of the Primary Cosmic Radiation
Bradt, H., & Peters, B. (1950) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.77.54 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Webber, W. R., Kish, J. C., & Schrier, D. A. (1990) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.41.520 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Fragmentation of relativistic Fe 56
Westfall, G. D., Wilson, L. W., Lindstrom, P. J., Crawford, H. J., Greiner, D. E., & Heckman, H. H. (1979) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.19.1309 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Webber, W. R., Kish, J. C., & Schrier, D. A. (1990) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.41.547 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Webber, W. R., Kish, J. C., & Schrier, D. A. (1990) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.41.533 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Issues in Space Radiation Protection
Wilson, J. W., Kim, M. Y., Schimmerling, W., Badavi, F. F., Thibeault, S. A., Cucinotta, F. A., Shinn, L. J., & Kiefer, R. L. (1995) · Health Physics · doi:10.1097/00004032-199501000-00006 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationNUCFRG2: A semiempirical nuclear fragmentation model
Wilson, J. W., Shinn, J. L., Townsend, L. W., Tripathi, R. K., Badavi, F. F., & Chun, S. Y. (1994) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/0168-583x(94)95662-6 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Composition and Origin of Cosmic Rays
Rees, M. J., & Sargent, W. L. W. (1968) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2191005a0 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Composition and Origin of Cosmic Rays
Shapiro, M. M. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-7166-0 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Knott, C. N., Albergo, S., Caccia, Z., Chen, C.-X., Costa, S., Crawford, H. J., Cronqvist, M., Engelage, J., Ferrando, P. R., Fonte, R., et al. (1996) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.53.347 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Energy-Dependent Parameterization of Heavy-Ion Absorption Cross Sections
Townsend, L. W., & Wilson, J. W. (1986) · Radiation Research · doi:10.2307/3576735 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Chen, C.-X., Albergo, S., Caccia, Z., Costa, S., Crawford, H. J., Cronqvist, M., Engelage, J., Ferrando, P. R., Fonte, R., Greiner, L., et al. (1994) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.49.3200 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Scaling algorithm to calculate heavy-ion spallation cross sections
Tsao, C. H., Silberberg, R., Barghouty, A. F., Sihver, L., & Kanai, T. (1993) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.47.1257 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Nilsen, B. S., Waddington, C. J., Cummings, J. R., Garrard, T. L., & Klarmann, J. (1995) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.52.3277 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The Fragmentation of 510 MeV/Nucleon Iron-56 in Polyethylene. I. Fragment Fluence Spectra
Zeitlin, C. J., Miller, J., Heilbronn, L., Frankel, K. A., Gong, W. G., & Schimmerling, W. (1996) · Radiation Research · doi:10.2307/3579355 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationA modular solid state detector for measuring high energy heavy ion fragmentation near the beam axis
Zeitlin, C. J., Frankel, K. A., Gong, W. G., Heilbronn, L., Lampo, E., Leres, R., Miller, J., & Schimmerling, W. (1994) · Radiation Measurements · doi:10.1016/1350-4487(94)90025-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationSimple parametrization of fragment reduced widths in heavy ion collisions
Tripathi, R. K., & Townsend, L. W. (1994) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.49.2237 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Absolute doubly differential cross sections for the neonK-shell ionization by electron impact
Sandner, W., & Theodosiou, C. E. (1990) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.42.5208 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- [1]1. C.-X. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. C 49, 3200 (1994).
- [2]2. J. W. Wilson, M. Kim, W. Schimmerling, F. F. Badavi, S. A. Thibeault, F. A. Cucinotta, J. L. Shinn and R. Kiefer, Health Phys. 68, 50 (1995).
- [4]4. G. D. Westfall, L. W. Wilson, P. J. Lindstrom, H. J. Crawford, D. E. Greiner and H. H. Heckman, Phys. Rev. C 19, 1309 (1979).
- [6]6. W. R. Webber, J. C. Kish and D. A. Schrier, Phys. Rev. C 41, 520 (1990).
- [7]7. W. R. Webber, J. C. Kish and D. A. Schrier, Phys. Rev. C 41, 533 (1990).
- [8]8. W. R. Webber, J. C. Kish and D. A. Schrier, Phys. Rev. C 41, 547 (1990).
- [9]9. J. R. Cummings, W. R. Binns, T. L. Garrard, M. H. Israel, J. Klarmann, E. C. Stone and C. J. Waddington, Phys. Rev. C 42, 5208 (1990).
- [11]11. C.J. Zeitlin, K.A. Frankel, W. Gong, L. Heilbronn, E.J. Lampo, R. Leres, J. Miller and W. Schimmerling, Rad. Meas., 23, 65 (1994).
- [14]14. J. W. Wilson, J. L. Shinn, L. W. Townsend, R. K. Tripathi, F. F. Badavi and S. Y. Chun, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 94, 95 (1994).
- [15]15. L. W. Townsend and J. W. Wilson, Radiat. Res. 106, 283 (1986).
- [17]17. H.C. Bradt and B. Peters, Phys. Rev. 77, 54 (1950).
- [20]20. L.W. Townsend, F.A. Cuccinotta and J.W. Wilson in Biological Effects and Physics of Solar and Galactic Cosmic Rays, eds. C.E. Swenberg, G. Horneck, G. Stassinopoulos, Plenum Press, N.Y., pp. 787-810 (1993).
- [24]24. C. Zeitlin, J. Miller, L. Heilbronn, K. Frankel, W. Gong and W. Schimmerling, Radiat. Res. 145, 655 (1995).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Off-forward parton distributions
Ji, X. (1998) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/24/7/002 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Physical basis of radiation protection in space travel
Durante, M., & Cucinotta, F. A. (2011) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.83.1245 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Cosmic Rays belowZ = 30 in a Diffusion Model: New Constraints on Propagation Parameters
Maurin, D. A., Donato, F., Taillet, R., & Salati, P. (2001) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/321496 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Extension of the Liège intranuclear-cascade model to reactions induced by light nuclei
Mancusi, D., Boudard, A., Cugnon, J., David, J.-C., Kaitaniemi, P., & Leray, S. (2014) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.90.054602 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Influence of fragment reaction of relativistic heavy charged particles on heavy-ion radiotherapy
Matsufuji, N., Fukumura, A., Komori, M., Kanai, T., & Kohno, T. (2003) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/48/11/309 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Polyethylene as a radiation shielding standard in simulated cosmic-ray environments
Guetersloh, S., Zeitlin, C., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Komiyama, T., Fukumura, A., Iwata, Y., Murakami, T., & Bhattacharya, M. (2006) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2006.08.019 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationThe fluka code for space applications: recent developments
Andersen, V., Ballarini, F., Battistoni, G., Campanella, M., Carboni, M., Cerutti, F. M., Empl, A., Fasso, A., FERRARI, A., Gadioli, E., et al. (2004) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2003.03.045 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Zeitlin, C. J., Heilbronn, L., & Miller, J. (1998) · Radiation Research · doi:10.2307/3579902 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationGénolini, Y., Maurin, D. A., Moskalenko, I. V., & Unger, M. (2018) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.98.034611 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Measurements of materials shielding properties with 1 GeV/nuc 56Fe
Zeitlin, C. J., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., & Miller, J. (2006) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2006.08.011 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationSpallation residues in the reaction Fe56+p at 0.3A,0.5A,0.75A,1.0A , and 1.5A GeV
Villagrasa, C., Boudard, A., Ducret, J. E., Fernandez, B., Leray, S., Volant, C., Armbruster, P., Enqvist, T., Hammache, F., Helariutta, K., et al. (2007) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.75.044603 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Complex nuclear-structure phenomena revealed from the nuclide production in fragmentation reactions
Ricciardi, M. V., Ignatyuk, A. V., Kelić, A., Napolitani, P., Rejmund, F., Schmidt, K. ‐., & Yordanov, O. (2004) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.01.069 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Miller, J., Zeitlin, C. J., Cucinotta, F. A., Heilbronn, L., Stephens, D. L., & Wilson, J. W. (2003) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0381:bsoteo]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationTotal-body irradiation with high-LET particles: acute and chronic effects on the immune system
Gridley, D. S., Pecaut, M. J., & Nelson, G. A. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00435.2001 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Issues in deep space radiation protection
Wilson, J. W., Shinn, J. L., Tripathi, R. K., Singleterry, R. C., Clowdsley, M. S., Thibeault, S. A., Cheatwood, F. M., Schimmerling, W., Cucinotta, F. A., Badhwar, G. D., et al. (2001) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/s0094-5765(01)00107-2 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationFragmentation cross sections of 28Si at beam energies from to
Zeitlin, C. J., Fukumura, A., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Iwata, Y., Miller, J., & Murakami, T. (2006) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.10.088 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationSaganti, P. B., Cucinotta, F. A., Wilson, J. W., Simonsen, L. C., & Zeitlin, C. J. (2004) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1023/b:spac.0000021010.20082.1a · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, J., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Hassler, D. M., Ehresmann, B., Rafkin, S., Freiherr von Forstner, J. L., Khaksarighiri, S., Liu, W., & Wang, Y. (2021) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-021-00136-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“For instance, using measured cross sections (Zeitlin et al. 1997), the nuclear mean free path of an iron ion is only about 12 g/ cm(2), roughly half of the typical vertical column depth at Gale Crater.”
MethodSelf-citationFragmentation cross sections of 600 MeV/nucleon 20Ne on elemental targets
Zeitlin, C. J., Fukumura, A., Heilbronn, L., Iwata, Y., Miller, J., & Murakami, T. (2001) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.64.024902 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationApplicability of composite materials for space radiation shielding of spacecraft
Naito, M., Kitamura, H., Koike, M., Kusano, H., Kusumoto, T., Uchihori, Y., Endo, T., Hagiwara, Y., Kiyono, N., Kodama, H., et al. (2021) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2021.08.004 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cecchini, S., Chiarusi, T., Giacomelli, G., Giorgini, M., Kumar, A., Mandrioli, G., Manzoor, S., Margiotta, A., Medinaceli, E., Patrizii, L., et al. (2008) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.03.017 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Sato, T., Sihver, L., Iwase, H., Nakashima, H., & Niita, K. (2005) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.041 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Saganti, P. B., Cucinotta, F. A., Wilson, J. W., Simonsen, L. C., & Zeitlin, C. J. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-306-48600-5_5 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationFragmentation cross sections of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleon C12 beams on elemental targets
Zeitlin, C. J., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Fukumura, A., Iwata, Y., & Murakami, T. (2007) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.76.014911 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationImproved empirical parameterization for projectile fragmentation cross sections
Mei, B. (2017) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.95.034608 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Worgul, B. V., Smilenov, L. B., Brenner, D. J., Vazquez, M. E., & Hall, E. J. (2005) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.030 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Liu, F.-H., & Li, J. S. (2008) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.78.044602 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Odd-even effect in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
Su, J., Feng-Shou, Z., & Bian, B. (2011) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.83.014608 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Kodaira, S., Morishige, K., Kawashima, H., Kitamura, H., Kurano, M., Hasebe, N., Koguchi, Y., SHINOZAKI, W., & Ogura, K. (2016) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2016.07.002 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fragmentation of N 14 , O 16 , Ne 20 , and Mg 24 nuclei at 290 to 1000 MeV/nucleon
Zeitlin, C. J., Miller, J., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Fukumura, A., Iwata, Y., Murakami, T., Blattnig, S. R., Norman, R. B., & Mashnik, S. G. (2011) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.83.034909 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationThe QCD description of diffractive processesPreprint
Wüsthoff, M., & Martin, A. D. (1999) · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The QCD description of diffractive processes
Wüsthoff, M., & Martin, A. D. (1999) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/25/12/201 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Advances in NASA radiation transport research: 3DHZETRN
Wilson, J. W., Slaba, T. C., Badavi, F. F., Reddell, B. D., & Bahadori, A. A. (2014) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2014.05.003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Validation of a comprehensive space radiation transport code
Shinn, J. L., Cucinotta, F. A., Simonsen, L. C., Wilson, J. W., Badavi, F. F., Badhwar, G. D., Miller, J., Zeitlin, C. J., Heilbronn, L., Tripathi, R. K., et al. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/23.736519 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationNUCFRG3: Light ion improvements to the nuclear fragmentation model
Adamczyk, A. M., Norman, R. B., Sriprisan, S., Townsend, L. W., Norbury, J. W., Blattnig, S. R., & Slaba, T. C. (2012) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.021 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Sihver, L., Mancusi, D., Niita, K., Sato, T., Townsend, L. W., Farmer, C., Pinsky, L. S., FERRARI, A., Cerutti, F. M., & Gomes, I. (2008) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.02.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fragmentation cross sections of medium-energy Cl35 , Ar40 , and Ti48 beams on elemental targets
Zeitlin, C. J., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Fukumura, A., Iwata, Y., Murakami, T., Sihver, L., & Mancusi, D. (2008) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.77.034605 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationFragmentation of 1 GeV/nucleon iron ions in thick targets relevant for space exploration
Tessa, C. L., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Sihver, L., & Zeitlin, C. J. (2005) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationNuclear data for space radiation
Norbury, J. W., Miller, J., Adamczyk, A. M., Heilbronn, L. H., Townsend, L. W., Blattnig, S. R., Norman, R. B., Guetersloh, S. B., & Zeitlin, C. J. (2012) · Radiation Measurements · doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.03.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationIsotopic dependence of GCR fluence behind shielding
Cucinotta, F. A., Wilson, J. W., Saganti, P. B., Hu, X., Kim, M. Y., Cleghorn, T. F., Zeitlin, C. J., & Tripathi, R. K. (2006) · Radiation Measurements · doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.03.012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationDurante, M. (2002) · La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento · doi:10.1007/bf03548911 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gridley, D. S., Dutta-Roy, R., Andres, M. L., Nelson, G. A., & Pecaut, M. J. (2006) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rr3490.1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Stability of nuclei in peripheral collisions in the JAERI quantum molecular dynamics model
Mancusi, D., Niita, K., Maruyama, T., & Sihver, L. (2009) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.79.014614 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Koi, T. (2010) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Giraudo, M., Schuy, C., Weber, U., Rovituso, M., Santin, G., Norbury, J. W., Tracino, E., Menicucci, A., Bocchini, L., Lobascio, C., et al. (2018) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rr15111.1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A comparison of total reaction cross section models used in particle and heavy ion transport codes
Sihver, L., Lantz, M., Takechi, M., Kohama, A., FERRARI, A., Cerutti, F. M., & Sato, T. (2012) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2011.11.029 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Acute Effects of Iron-Particle Radiation on Immunity. Part I: Population Distributions
Pecaut, M. J., Dutta-Roy, R., Smith, A., Jones, T., Nelson, G. A., & Gridley, D. S. (2006) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rr3493.1 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Rademacher, S., Borak, T. B., Zeitlin, C. J., Heilbronn, L., & Miller, J. (1998) · Radiation Research · doi:10.2307/3579702 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation3DHZETRN: Shielded ICRU spherical phantom
Wilson, J. W., Slaba, T. C., Badavi, F. F., Reddell, B., & Bahadori, A. A. (2015) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2015.01.002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ota, S., Kodaira, S., YASUDA, N., Benton, E. R., Hareyama, M., Kurano, M., Sato, M., Shu, D.-Y., & Hasebe, N. (2008) · Radiation Measurements · doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.04.058 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Effects of Low-Dose, High-LET Radiation Exposure on Three Models of Behavior in C57BL/6 Mice
Pecaut, M. J., Haerich, P., ZUCCARELLI, C. N., Smith, A., Zendejas, E. D., & Nelson, G. A. (2004) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rr3205 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Odd-evenZisospin anomaly in heavy-ion reactions
Yang, L. B., Norbeck, E., Friedman, W. A., Bjarki, O., Ingram, F. D., Lacey, R., Magestro, D., Miller, M. L., Nadasen, A., Pak, R., et al. (1999) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.60.041602 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hall, E. J., Worgul, B. V., Smilenov, L. B., Elliston, C. D., & Brenner, D. J. (2006) · Radiation and Environmental Biophysics · doi:10.1007/s00411-006-0052-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Mei, B., Xu, H., Tu, X. L., Zhang, Y. H., Litvinov, Y. A., Schmidt, K. ‐., Wang, M., Sun, Z., Zhou, X., Yuan, Y., et al. (2014) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.89.054612 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Approach and issues relating to shield material design to protect astronauts from space radiation
Wilson, J. W., Cucinotta, F. A., Miller, J., Shinn, J. L., Thibeault, S. A., Singleterry, R. C., Simonsen, L. C., & Kim, M. Y. (2001) · Materials & Design (1980-2015) · doi:10.1016/s0261-3069(01)00014-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationFragmentation studies of relativistic iron ions using plastic nuclear track detectors
Scampoli, P., Durante, M., Grossi, G., Manti, L., Pugliese, M., & Gialanella, G. (2005) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.046 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Partial Cross Sections of Nucleus‐Nucleus Reactions
Tsao, C. H., Silberberg, R., & Barghouty, A. F. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/305863 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The impact of mouse strain on iron ion radio-immune response of leukocyte populations
Pecaut, M. J., & Gridley, D. S. (2010) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.3109/09553000903567995 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
N and Z odd-even staggering in Kr+Sn collisions at Fermi energies
Piantelli, S., Casini, G., Maurenzig, P. R., Olmi, A., Barlini, S., Bini, M., Carboni, S., Pasquali, G., Poggi, G., Stefanini, A. A., et al. (2013) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.88.064607 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Shielding experiments with high-energy heavy ions for spaceflight applications
Zeitlin, C. J., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Elkhayari, N., Empl, A., Lebourgeois, M., Mayes, B., Pinsky, L. S., Christl, M. J., et al. (2008) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/7/075007 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of system N/Z on the enhanced production of even- Z fragments observed in heavy ion reactions
Winchester, E. M., Winger, J. A., Laforest, R. A., Martin, E., Ramakrishnan, E. S., Rowland, D. J., Ruangma, A., Yennello, S. J., Westfall, G. D., Molen, A. M. V., et al. (2000) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.63.014601 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Validation of the HZETRN code for laboratory exposures with 1A GeV iron ions in several targets
Walker, S. A., Tweed, J., Wilson, J. W., Cucinotta, F. A., Tripathi, R. K., Blattnig, S. R., Zeitlin, C. J., Heilbronn, L., & Miller, J. (2005) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.077 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationNuclear model calculations and their role in space radiation research
Townsend, L. W., Cucinotta, F. A., & Heilbronn, L. (2002) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00405-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationFragmentation studies of high-energy ions using CR39 nuclear track detectors
Togo, V., Balestra, S., Cecchini, S., Ferdinando, D. D., Frutti, M., Giacomelli, G., Giorgini, M., Kumar, A., Mandrioli, G., Manzoor, S., et al. (2007) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
HETC-HEDS Code Validation Using Laboratory Beam Energy Loss Spectra Data
Charara, Y. M., Townsend, L. W., Gabriel, T. A., Zeitlin, C. J., Heilbronn, L., & Miller, J. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2008.2006607 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationCharge resolution of CR-39 plastic nuclear track detectors for intermediate energy heavy ions
Ota, S., YASUDA, N., Sihver, L., Kodaira, S., Kurano, M., Naka, S., Ideguchi, Y., Benton, E. R., & Hasebe, N. (2011) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2011.03.018 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Relativistic Abrasion–Ablation De-excitation Fragmentation (RAADFRG) model
Werneth, C. M., de Wet, W. C., Townsend, L. W., Maung, K. M., Norbury, J. W., Slaba, T. C., Norman, R. B., Blattnig, S. R., & Ford, W. P. (2021) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2021.06.016 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tessa, C. L., Fino, L. D., Larosa, M., Narici, L., Picozza, P., & Zaconte, V. (2009) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.06.107 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The Effects of Nuclear Fragmentation Models on Single Event Effect Prediction
Clemens, M. A., Dodds, N. A., Weller, R. A., Mendenhall, M. H., Reed, R. A., Schrimpf, R. D., Koi, T., Wright, D. H., & Asai, M. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2009.2033693 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Validation of nuclear models used in space radiation shielding applications
Norman, R. B., & Blattnig, S. R. (2012) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2012.09.006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Comparisons of fragmentation spectra using 1GeV/amu 56Fe data and the PHITS model
Zeitlin, C. J., Sihver, L., Tessa, C. L., Mancusi, D., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., & Guetersloh, S. (2008) · Radiation Measurements · doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.02.013 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationOdd-even staggering in yields of neutron-deficient nuclei produced by projectile fragmentation
Mei, B., Xu, H., Zhang, Y. H., Wang, M., Tu, X. L., Schmidt, K. ‐., Litvinov, Y. A., Sun, Z., Zhou, X., Yuan, Y., et al. (2016) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.94.044615 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Turker, M. S., Connolly, L., Dan, C., Lasarev, M. R., Gauny, S. S., Kwoh, E. E., & Kronenberg, A. (2009) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rr1805.1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Test of weak and strong factorization in nucleus–nucleus collisions at several hundred MeV/nucleon
Tessa, C. L., Sihver, L., Zeitlin, C. J., Miller, J., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Mancusi, D., Iwata, Y., & Murakami, T. (2007) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2007.04.016 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationLAQGSM03.03 Upgrade and its ValidationPreprint
Mashnik, S. G., Gudima, K. K., Mokhov, N. V., & Prael, R. E. (2007) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0709.1736 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
PHITS simulations of the Matroshka experiment
Gustafsson, K., Sihver, L., Mancusi, D., Sato, T., Reitz, G., & Berger, T. (2010) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.05.028 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flesch, F., Hirzebruch, S. E., Hüntrup, G., Röcher, H., Streibel, T., Winkel, E., & Heinrich, W. (1999) · Radiation Measurements · doi:10.1016/s1350-4487(99)00140-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Transport calculations and accelerator experiments needed for radiation risk assessment in space
Sihver, L. (2008) · Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik · doi:10.1016/j.zemedi.2008.06.013 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Alpat, B., Piliçer, E., Blasko, S., Caraffini, D., Capua, F. D., Postolache, V., Saltanocchi, G., Menichelli, M., Desorgher, L., Durante, M., et al. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science · doi:10.1109/tns.2013.2284855 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fragmentation cross sections of 20Ne collisions with different targets at 600 MeV/nucleon
Bian, B., Feng-Shou, Z., & Zhou, H. (2008) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.03.014 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kajal, K., & Singh, M. K. (2022) · International Journal of Modern Physics E · doi:10.1142/s0218301322500732 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Optical model methods of predicting nuclide production cross sections from heavy ion fragmentation
Townsend, L. W., Ramsey, C. R., Tripathi, R. K., Cucinotta, F. A., & Norbury, J. W. (1999) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(98)00957-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The odd–even effect of20Ne fragmentation cross sections
Cheng, J.-X., Jiang, X., Yan, S., & Zhang, D.-H. (2012) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/39/5/055104 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Changes in the distribution and function of leukocytes after whole body iron ion irradiation
Gridley, D. S., & Pecaut, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Radiation Research · doi:10.1093/jrr/rrw051 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Toppi, M., Sarti, A., Alexandrov, A., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Argirò, S., Díaz, R. A., Barbanera, M., Bartosik, N., Battistoni, G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.979229 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Li, G.-S., Su, J., Sun, B.-H., Terashima, S., Zhao, J.-W., Xu, X.-D., Zhang, J., Guo, G., He, L., Lin, W., et al. (2023) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.107.024609 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Twenty years of space radiation physics at the BNL AGS and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory
Miller, J., & Zeitlin, C. J. (2016) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2016.05.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMei, B., Tu, X. L., & Wang, M. (2018) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.97.044619 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Simulation of radiation field inside interplanetary spacecraft
Тимошенко, Г. Н., & Gordeev, I. S. (2020) · Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s12036-020-9620-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Genetic background and lymphocyte populations after total-body exposure to iron ion radiation
Gridley, D. S., & Pecaut, M. J. (2010) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.3109/09553002.2010.518203 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Space radiation research with heavy ions at HIMAC
Kodaira, S., Benton, E. R., Iwata, Y., Makino, T., Miller, J., Ohshima, T., Uchihori, Y., & Zeitlin, C. J. (2024) · Life Sciences in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.lssr.2024.08.002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, E.-Q., Liu, F.-H., & Sun, J.-X. (2011) · Chinese Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/0256-307x/28/8/082501 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Fragmentation cross-section of 600 A MeV Si14+ ions in thick polyethylene target
Gupta, R., & Kumar, A. (2013) · The European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1140/epja/i2013-13098-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Huo, L.-D., Wang, L.-H., Zhu, J.-H., Li, H.-L., Li, J.-S., Kodaira, S., YASUDA, N., & Zhang, D.-H. (2019) · Chinese Journal of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cjph.2019.04.022 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Miller, J., Zeitlin, C. J., Heilbronn, L., Borak, T. B., Carter, T., Frankel, K. A., Fukumura, A., Murakami, T., Rademacher, S., Schimmerling, W., et al. (1998) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/s0094-5765(98)00133-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationOptical model methods of predicting nuclide production from spallation reactions
Ramsey, C. R., Townsend, L. W., Tripathi, R. K., & Cucinotta, F. A. (1998) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.57.982 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Li, G.-S., Sun, B.-H., Su, J., Tanihata, I., Terashima, S., Zhao, J.-W., Xiao, E., Zhang, J., He, L., Guo, G., et al. (2024) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2024.139143 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nuclear fragmentation database for GCR transport code development
Zeitlin, C. J., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Fukumura, A., Iwata, Y., Murakami, T., & Sihver, L. (2010) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.04.035 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationDachev, T. P., Semkova, J., Petrov, V. M., Redko, V. I., Bengin, V. V., Kostereva, T., Miller, J., Heilbronn, L., & Zeitlin, C. J. (1998) · Acta Astronautica · doi:10.1016/s0094-5765(98)00132-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationProjectile fragmentation of 471 A MeV 56Fe in polyethylene, carbon and aluminum targets
Zhang, D.-H., Wang, L.-C., Li, Y., Kodaira, S., & YASUDA, N. (2012) · Radiation Measurements · doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.06.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zeitlin, C., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Rademacher, S., Borak, T., Carter, T., Frankel, K., Schimmerling, W., & Stronach, C.
- Affiliations
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- Virginia State University (US)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review C
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 388-397
- ISSN
- 0556-2813 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-490X
- OpenAlex
- W1997887186
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physical Review C (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Nuclear physics research studies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Keywords
- charge-changing cross sections, projectile fragmentation, CH2 target, galactic cosmic ray propagation
- MeSH terms
- Aluminum, Carbon, Copper, Cosmic Radiation, Elementary Particles, Hydrogen, Ions, Iron, Lead, Models, Theoretical, Nuclear Physics, Polyethylenes, Radiation Monitoring, Synchrotrons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
