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Cited by 8Cosmology and Gravitation TheoriesBlack Holes and Theoretical PhysicsNoncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories

Symmetry restoration, tunneling, and the null energy condition

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Alexandre, Jean, Polonyi, Janos·2022·Physical Review D
DOI 10.1103/physrevd.106.065008
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Abstract

A finite volume allows tunneling between degenerate vacua in quantum field theory, and leads to remarkable energetic features, arising from the competition of different saddle points in the partition function. We describe this competition for finite temperature at equilibrium, taking into account both static and (Euclidean) time-dependent saddle points. The effective theory for the homogeneous order parameter yields a nonextensive vacuum energy at low temperatures, implying a dynamical violation of the null energy condition.

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Crossref · 10.1103/physrevd.106.065008

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44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The explicit effective potential has been calculated at quadratic order in prior work, where one finds a positive mass term, therefore showing convexity.

    “The explicit effective potential has been calculated at quadratic order in [12, 13], where one finds a positive mass term, therefore showing convexity.”

    From Double-well instantons in finite volume (2024) · cites this paper as [12]

  • The prior result on the convex effective potential was obtained by neglecting the spatially inhomogeneous fluctuations around the instanton configuration, as well as the Casimir effect.

    “This result was obtained by neglecting the spatially inhomogeneous fluctuations around the instanton configuration, as well as the Casimir effect.”

    From Double-well instantons in finite volume (2024) · cites this paper as [12]

  • NEC violation is known in the case of the Casimir effect and has been shown for tunnelling between degenerate vacua.

    “An important feature related to the above finite-volume effects is the violation of the Null Energy Condition (NEC - see [18, 19] for reviews), which is known in the case of the Casimir effect, and which has been shown in [12, 13] for tunnelling between degenerate vacua.”

    From Double-well instantons in finite volume (2024) · cites this paper as [12]

  • The effective theory taking into account tunnelling of a real scalar field between two degenerate vacua has a convex effective potential, with a symmetric true vacuum at expectation value zero and a corresponding ground state energy lower than the original degenerate vacua.

    “It was found that the effective potential is indeed convex, with a symmetric true vacuum at ⟨ ϕ ⟩ = 0 and a corresponding ground state energy lower than the original degenerate vacua, similarly to what happens in Quantum Mechanics.”

    From Double-well instantons in finite volume (2024) · cites this paper as [12]

  • The scalar field can tunnel between the two degenerate bare minima ±v, resulting in an effective theory with a symmetric vacuum state located at expectation value zero.

    “As discussed in the Introduction, in this context the scalar field can tunnel between the two degenerate bare minima ± v , resulting in an effective theory with a symmetric vacuum state located at ⟨ ϕ ⟩ = 0 (see Figure 1).”

    From Double-well instantons in finite volume (2024) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors
Alexandre, J., & Polonyi, J.
Affiliations
King's College London (GB)
ORCID
Alexandre, Jean
Venue
Physical Review D
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2022-09-12
Volume
106
Issue
6
Pages
065008
ISSN
  • 2470-0010 (ISSN-L)
  • 2470-0029
DOI
10.1103/physrevd.106.065008
OpenAlex
W4295362785
Cited by
8
References
44
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4
FWCI
0.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Physical review. D/Physical review. D. (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
Funders
  • Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2021-299)
  • Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/T000759/1)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Keywords
symmetry restoration, null energy condition, degenerate vacua, finite temperature, saddle points, effective theory, order parameter, vacuum energy, finite volume method

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