Generalized Galileons: All scalar models whose curved background extensions maintain second-order field equations and stress tensors
Open accessAbstract
We extend to curved backgrounds all flat-space scalar field models that obey purely second-order equations, while maintaining their second-order dependence on both field and metric. This extension simultaneously restores to second order the, originally higher derivative, stress tensors as well. The process is transparent and uniform for all dimensions.
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Covariantization of Galileon models causes third-order derivatives in the equation of motion with associated ghost fields.
“It was shown though that simply turning partial derivatives into covariant derivatives (covariantization) causes the appearance of third order derivatives in the equation of motion with the associated ghost fields (Deffayet et al. 2009a).”
From Testing general relativity in cosmology (2019) · cites this paper as Deffayet et al. 2009a
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- Authors
- Deffayet, C., Deser, S., & Esposito-Farèse, G.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review D
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2009-09-10
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 0556-2821 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-7998
- 1550-2368
- OpenAlex
- W2072300082
- Cited by
- 719
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 58 · 2014: 58 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 21.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Keywords
- scalar-tensor gravity, second-order field equations, curved spacetime, stress tensor, scalar field models
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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