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Phase-Programmable Gaussian Boson Sampling Using Stimulated Squeezed Light
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We report phase-programmable Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) which produces up to 113 photon detection events out of a 144-mode photonic circuit. A new high-brightness and scalable quantum light source is developed, exploring the idea of stimulated emission of squeezed photons, which has simultaneously near-unity purity and efficiency. This GBS is programmable by tuning the phase of the input squeezed states. The obtained samples are efficiently validated by inferring from computationally friendly subsystems, which rules out hypotheses including distinguishable photons and thermal states. We show that our GBS experiment passes a nonclassicality test based on inequality constraints, and we reveal nontrivial genuine high-order correlations in the GBS samples, which are evidence of robustness against possible classical simulation schemes. This photonic quantum computer, Jiuzhang 2.0, yields a Hilbert space dimension up to ∼10^{43}, and a sampling rate ∼10^{24} faster than using brute-force simulation on classical supercomputers.
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“There are then two ways around this no-go result: one can either give up programmability and build an ultralow loss fixed static interferometer, as implemented in refs. 1,2, or give up universality while maintaining a high degree of multimode entanglement using long-ranged gates.”
From Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Thus, the fact that significant third- and fourth-order cumulants are observed in refs. 1,2 is simply a reflection of the fact that most of their inputs are vacuum and that their experiment lacks photon-number resolution.”
From Quantum computational advantage with a programmable photonic processor (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
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“This is not the case for other architectures in which one either has to give up programmability1,2 or suffer steep losses that, in the asymptotic limit of many modes, render the sampling task roughly simulable as the loss scales exponentially with the system size31.”
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“we estimate that Fugaku would require 1.5 h, on average, to generate one sample from the experiment in ref. 2”
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“or 8,500 years for the 50 million generated in their experiment.”
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Citations
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Guoqing, 马. M., 周常河, Rongwei, 朱. Z., Zheng, F., Yu, J., & Situ, G. (2023) · Chinese Journal of Lasers · doi:10.3788/cjl221209 · Cited by 7
Swap Test with Quantum Dot Charge Qubits
Li, Y.-W., Barraza, N., Barrios, G. A., Solano, E., & Albarrán-Arriagada, F. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.014047 · Cited by 7
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Liu, R., Qiao, Y.-K., Zhong, H.-S., Ge, Z.-X., Wang, H., Chung, T.-H., Lu, C., Huo, Y.-H., & Pan, J.-W. (2023) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2023.03.022 · Cited by 7
Self-citationActive reset of superconducting qubits using the electronics based on RF switches
Han, L., Xu, Y., Lin, J., Chen, F., Li, S., Guo, C., Li, N., Li, D., Li, Y.-H., Gong, M., et al. (2023) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/5.0166535 · Cited by 7
Self-citationPerfect pulsed inline twin-beam squeezers
Houde, M., & Quesada, N. (2024) · AVS Quantum Science · doi:10.1116/5.0203013 · Cited by 7
“We now want to numerically study how robust the double pass structure is to variations in gain between the two passes.”
BackgroundMethodSengupta, K., Dinesh, S. P., Shafi, K. M., Asokan, S., & Chandrashekar, C. M. (2025) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/r7yp-1vz4 · Cited by 7
“However, probabilistic nature of the photon-photon interaction has also been an advantage and resulted in performing a large-scale complex computational task such as Boson sampling [19–23].”
Solfanelli, A., Ruffo, S., Succi, S., & Defenu, N. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.013311 · Cited by 8
“Various experimental platforms have been tested for quantum computing, among the others we can cite: trapped ions [8–11], neutral Rydbger atoms [12–14], coherent photons [15, 16], nuclear spins in molecule [17, 18], NV centers [19–21] and superconducting qubits [22, 23].”
BackgroundGeneration of the complete Bell basis via Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of vector modes
Gao, X., Paneru, D., Colandrea, F. D., Zhang, Y., & Karimi, E. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/dcxb-ql1r · Cited by 7
“The effect is also used to characterize photon-pair sources [10], optimize quantum teleportation [11], and enable Boson sampling experiments [12, 13].”
Logistic Map Image Cryptography Scheme Based on Chaotic Quantum Boson Sampling
Wang, W., Shi, J., Guan, N., & Shi, J. (2025) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202400579 · Cited by 6
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Sparse Probabilistic Synthesis of Quantum Operations
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A Nonblocking Multistage Switching Network for Distributed Quantum Computing
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“For example, they can factorize large integers [1], perform approximate optimization [2], and execute Gaussian boson sampling [3] with substantially greater efficiency.”
Dellios, A. S., Opanchuk, B., Goodman, N., Reid, M. D., & Drummond, P. D. (2025) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2025.130529 · Cited by 8
Photocounting statistics of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Uzunova, V. A., & Семенов, А. А. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.063716 · Cited by 6
“For example, they have been recently used for demonstration of quantum supremacy in the scheme of Gaussian boson sampling [35, 36].”
MethodQuantifying Quantum Computational Advantage on a Processor of Ultracold Atoms
Zheng, Y.-G., Shen, Y.-C., Zhang, W.-Y., Luo, A., Liu, Y., He, M.-G., Zhang, H., Wan, L., Wang, H.-Y., Zhu, Z., et al. (2026) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/5mqb-3by1 · Cited by 8
“Moreover, higher-order correlations are impossibly accessed by samples generated by mock-up samplers merely containing lower-order correlations [32].”
InfluentialSelf-citationExperimental Demonstration of Quantum Overlapping Tomography
Yang, Z., Ru, S., Cao, L., Zheludev, N. I., & Gao, W. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.050804 · Cited by 8
“…processing in recent years [1, 2], there have been remarkable advances in constructing and controlling large-scale quantum systems with a series of physical systems, including but not limited to superconducting circuits [3–5], linear optics [6, 7], ion trap [8, 9], and ultracold atoms [10].”
Wang, M., & Zhang, F. (2023) · AAPPS bulletin · doi:10.1007/s43673-023-00076-5 · Cited by 6
Optimized laser models with Heisenberg-limited coherence and sub-Poissonian beam photon statistics
Ostrowski, L. A., Baker, T. J., Saadatmand, S. N., & Wiseman, H. M. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.107.053702 · Cited by 6
Variational quantum simulation of long-range interacting systems
Lyu, C., Tang, X., Li, J., Xu, X., Yung, M., & Bayat, A. (2023) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/acd571 · Cited by 8
Partial transpose moments, principal minors and entanglement detection
Ali, M. (2023) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-023-03966-7 · Cited by 6
Toward applications of cloud quantum computation
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Experimental Boson Sampling Enabling Cryptographic One-Way Function
Wang, X., Zhou, W.-H., Fu, Y.-X., Gao, J., Lu, Y., Chang, Y.-J., Qiao, L., Ren, R.-J., Jiang, Z.-K., Jiao, Z., et al. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.060802 · Cited by 6
Complexity-Theoretic Foundations of BosonSampling with a Linear Number of Modes
Bouland, A., Brod, D. J., Datta, I., Fefferman, B., Grier, D., Hernández, F., & Oszmaniec, M. (2026) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/xc7b-sjm5 · Cited by 20
Relation Between Quantum Advantage in Supervised Learning and Quantum Computational Advantage
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“This endeavor to understand the advantages of quantum computing extends to the present, where there are ongoing efforts [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] to experimentally demonstrate a quantum advantage using noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices through boson sampling [11] and random circuit…”
BackgroundDíez-Valle, P., Porras, D., & García‐Ripoll, J. J. (2024) · Frontiers in Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.3389/frqst.2024.1321264 · Cited by 8
“Indeed, the first claim of quantum supremacy (Preskill, 2018) was performed on a sampling problem (Arute et al., 2019), and this task has been also envisioned as one of the candidates to show a practical quantum advantage in the near term (Wu et al., 2021; Zhong et al., 2021; Layden et al., 2023).”
BackgroundClassical simulability of constant-depth linear-optical circuits with noise
Oh, C. (2025) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-025-01041-w · Cited by 8
“[6] to simulate the state-of-the-art Gaussian boson sampling experiments [7–10].”
Sharing quantum steering via standard projective measurements
Dong, S., Cai, Z., Wu, C., & Ren, C. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.012203 · Cited by 5
Boson sampling with ultracold atoms in a programmable optical lattice
Robens, C., Arrazola, Í., Alt, W., Meschede, D., Lamata, L., Solano, E., & Alberti, A. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.012615 · Cited by 7
Motaharifar, M., Hasani, M., & Kaatuzian, H. (2025) · Quantum Information and Computation · doi:10.2478/qic-2025-0009 · Cited by 5
Boson Sampling Enhanced Quantum Chemistry
Shang, Z.-X., Zhang, Y., Zhong, H.-S., Yu, C., Yuan, X., Lu, C., Pan, J.-W., & Chen, M.-C. (2025) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/gw1c-5b58 · Cited by 9
Self-citationBenchmarking a boson sampler with Hamming nets
Iakovlev, I. A., Sotnikov, O. M., Dyakonov, I. V., Kiktenko, E. O., Fedorov, A. K., Straupe, S. S., & Mazurenko, V. V. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.062420 · Cited by 7
High dimensional counterdiabatic quantum computing
Tancara, D., & Albarrán-Arriagada, F. (2025) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-025-01070-5 · Cited by 5
Boson sampling for generalized bosons
Kuo, E.-J., Xu, Y., Hangleiter, D., Grankin, A., & Hafezi, M. (2022) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.4.043096 · Cited by 6
On Quantum Steering and Wigner Negativity
Walschaers, M. (2023) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2023-06-07-1038 · Cited by 6
Towards the Simplest Model of Quantum Supremacy: Atomic Boson Sampling in a Box Trap
Kocharovsky, V. V., Kocharovsky, V. V., Shannon, W., & Tarasov, S. V. (2023) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e25121584 · Cited by 7
Witnessing non-Markovianity with Gaussian quantum steering in a collision model
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Self-citationVariational quantum simulation using non-Gaussian continuous-variable systems
Stornati, P., Acín, A., Chabaud, U., Dauphin, A., Parigi, V., & Centrone, F. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043212 · Cited by 8
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“It is worth noting that certain binnings are omitted due to symmetry considerations: for example, the distribution for is symmetric to that of K 14 = [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] , and similar symmetries apply to other binnings.”
Self-citationGaussian boson sampling with 1,024 squeezed states in 8,176 modes
Liu, H. C., Su, H., Deng, Y.-H., Gong, S.-Q., Gu, Y.-C., Tang, H., Jia, M.-H., Wei, Q., Song, Y.-K., Wang, D.-Z., et al. (2026) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10523-6 · Cited by 12
“We start from a subsystem with fewer output bosonic modes and gradually increase the subsystem size 8 .”
InfluentialSelf-citationApproximating outcome probabilities of linear optical circuits
Lim, Y., & Oh, C. (2023) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-023-00791-9 · Cited by 6
Efficiently simulating the work distribution of multiple identical bosons with boson sampling
Liu, W., & Yin, Z. (2023) · Frontiers of Physics · doi:10.1007/s11467-023-1366-3 · Cited by 4
“Recently, boson samplings with tens [42, 43] or even more than a hundred of photons [44] have been experimentally realized, which fully shows a quantum computational advantage over the classical computer.”
Local quantum overlapping tomography
Araújo, B. G. M., Taddei, M. M., Cavalcanti, D., & Acín, A. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.106.062441 · Cited by 8
Periodically Poled Monolayer Lithium Niobate for Photonic Chips of Quantum Devices
Yang, G.-Y., Li, Z., & Wu, K. (2022) · ACS Applied Optical Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaom.2c00015 · Cited by 4
Self-citationComparing planar quantum computing platforms at the quantum speed limit
Basilewitsch, D., Dlaska, C., & Lechner, W. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.023026 · Cited by 6
Noise-tolerant Grover's algorithm via success-probability prediction
Leng, J., Yang, F., & Wang, X. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.7.l012017 · Cited by 7
Experimental Quantum Advantage in the Odd-Cycle Game
Drmota, P., Main, D., Ainley, E. M., Agrawal, A., Araneda, G., Nadlinger, D. P., Nichol, B. C., Srinivas, R., Cabello, A., & Lucas, D. M. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.070201 · Cited by 4
“The quantum advantage for random circuit sampling [1] and Gaussian boson sampling [2] is impressive, but these problems involve complex probability distributions, and their classical solutions have not yet been proven optimal [3, 4].”
BackgroundSuperconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on amorphous tungsten germanide
Yang, S., Chen, Y., Sun, L., Zhou, H., Li, Y., Huang, J., Zheng, X., Ma, R., Xiong, J.-M., Wan, Z., et al. (2025) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0264958 · Cited by 4
Self-citationvan den Hoven, S. N., Kanis, E., & Renema, J. J. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.052448 · Cited by 4
Self-citationn-qubit operations on sphere and queueing scaling limits for programmable quantum computer
Dai, W. (2023) · Quantum Information Processing · doi:10.1007/s11128-023-03851-3 · Cited by 4
“[57, 58] is how to evolve itself to a programmable quantum computer for business usages.”
BackgroundVariational denoising for variational quantum eigensolver
Tran, Q. H., Kikuchi, S., & Oshima, H. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.023181 · Cited by 5
Suppressing nonperturbative gauge errors in the thermodynamic limit using local pseudogenerators
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“…quantumcomputingplatformssuchassuperconductingquantumdevices andphotonicsystems 105 – 108 , and the associated rapid engineering progress has motivated the use of such devices to probe high-energy physics phenomena theoretically and…”
Oh, S., & Kais, S. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.106.032433 · Cited by 4
Non-Kolmogorovian Probabilities and Quantum Technologies
Holik, F. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24111666 · Cited by 5
Quantum reservoir computing for realized volatility forecasting
Li, Q., Mukhopadhyay, C., Bayat, A., & Habibnia, A. (2026) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/rbj7-4wnq · Cited by 16
“In recent years, quantum computers, albeit with severe limitations, are rapidly emerging in various physical platforms including superconducting qubits [4–7], ion traps [8–11], Rydberg atoms [12, 13], photonic setups [14, 15], nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond [16] and topological qubits [17].”
The Cyberfare State: divergent models of digital governance and control
Kelemen, R. (2026) · Frontiers in Political Science · doi:10.3389/fpos.2026.1748562 · Cited by 4
Few-mode squeezing in type-I parametric downconversion by complete group velocity matching
Horoshko, D. B., Kolobov, M. I., Parigi, V., & Treps, N. (2024) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.528280 · Cited by 3
Transition of Anticoncentration in Gaussian Boson Sampling
Ehrenberg, A., Iosue, J. T., Deshpande, A., Hangleiter, D., & Gorshkov, A. V. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.140601 · Cited by 14
Second moment of Hafnians in Gaussian boson sampling
Ehrenberg, A., Iosue, J. T., Deshpande, A., Hangleiter, D., & Gorshkov, A. V. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.042412 · Cited by 11
Experimental study of quantum uncertainty from lack of information
Zhao, Y., Rozpędek, F., Hou, Z., Wu, K., Xiang, G., Li, C., & Guo, G. (2022) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-022-00572-w · Cited by 3
Comparison of quantum advantage experiments using random circuit sampling
Oh, S., & Kais, S. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.107.022610 · Cited by 3
American “Digital Curtain” to Isolate China
Dmitriev, S. (2023) · World Economy and International Relations · doi:10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-7-44-53 · Cited by 4
Post-selection in noisy Gaussian boson sampling: part is better than whole
Yang, T.-Y., Shen, Y.-X., Cao, Z., & Wang, X. (2023) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/acf06c · Cited by 4
Wang, J., Lai, J., Zhang, M., Yao, F., & Li, F. (2023) · International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) · doi:10.1109/icocn59242.2023.10236124 · Cited by 4
Zhifeng, 刘. L., Shuangyin, 黄. H., Chao, 陈. C., Zhicheng, 任. R., Xilin, 汪. W., & Huitian, 王. W. (2024) · Acta Optica Sinica · doi:10.3788/aos231992 · Cited by 3
Quantum phase transition and entanglement entropy in the Dicke model with a squeezed light
Shen, L.-T., Pei, X.-T., Shi, Z., & Yang, Z. (2024) · The European Physical Journal D · doi:10.1140/epjd/s10053-024-00881-z · Cited by 3
Benchmarking Quantum Computational Advantages on Supercomputers
Wu, J., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202400143 · Cited by 5
Simulating quantum circuits using the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz
Berezutskii, A. V., Luchnikov, I. A., & Fedorov, A. K. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.7.013063 · Cited by 3
“…quantum (NISQ) devices on demonstrating advantages in solving specific problems, such as random circuit sampling [1–3] and boson sampling [4–6], has stimulated a new wave of studies of the fundamental limits of classical techniques in the exact and approximate simulation of interacting…”
Simon’s Algorithm in the NISQ Cloud
Robertson, R., Doucet, E., Spicer, E., & Deffner, S. (2025) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e27070658 · Cited by 10
On Certified Randomness from Fourier Sampling or Random Circuit Sampling
Bassirian, R., Bouland, A., Fefferman, B., Gunn, S., & Tal, A. (2026) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2026-02-10-2002 · Cited by 18
“This immediately follows from the proof idea of Theorem 21, since we can choose uniformly random s i in the circuit for each instance separately (without accessing the oracle, while preserving the distribution), and later fix them in the circuit.”
Fundamental Physics and Computation: The Computer-Theoretic Framework
Miguel-Tomé, S., Lázaro, Á. L. S., & Alonso-Romero, L. (2022) · Universe · doi:10.3390/universe8010040 · Cited by 3
Di, K., Tan, S., Wang, L., Cheng, A., Wang, X., Sun, Y., Guo, J., Liu, Y., & Du, J. (2023) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2023.109789 · Cited by 3
“In 2021, Pan J W's group successfully developed a prototype of Ninth Chapter II quantum computer [23, 24].”
MethodMach-Zehnder Interferometer Cell for Realization of Quantum Computer; A Feasibility Study
Motaharifar, M., & Kaatuzian, H. (2023) · doi:10.1109/icee59167.2023.10334740 · Cited by 3
“We continue to investigate simulation results of integrated photonic apparatus and compare them to those in [15].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPossible Teleportation of Quantum States using Squeezed Sources and Photonic Integrated Circuits
Motaharifar, M., Kaatuzian, H., & Hasani, M. (2023) · Iranian International Conference on Microelectronics (IICM) · doi:10.1109/iicm60532.2023.10443082 · Cited by 3
“The demonstration of quantum supremacy with the help of squeezed light sources [7, 8] shows a promising future for this particular state of light in the field of quantum computation.”
BackgroundTight bounds on the convergence of noisy random circuits to uniform.Preprint
Deshpande, A., Fefferman, B., Gorshkov, A. V., Gullans, M. J., Niroula, P., & Shtanko, O. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 3
Robust holonomic quantum gates via cyclic evolution protection
Liang, Y., Chen, T., & Xue, Z. (2025) · APL Quantum · doi:10.1063/5.0249368 · Cited by 2
An improved quantum algorithm of the multislice method
Wang, Y., Yang, S. O., & Ding, Z. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.112165 · Cited by 2
Simultaneous ponderomotive squeezing of light by two mechanical modes in an optomechanical system
Malekzadeh, P., Zeuthen, E., Langman, E., Schließer, A., & Polzik, E. S. (2025) · Optica Quantum · doi:10.1364/opticaq.551000 · Cited by 2
“…in diverse quantum measurement settings such as gravitational wave detection in LIGO and VIRGO [3], mechanical force detection [4], quantum computing [5,6], free-electron quantum optics [7], Raman spectroscopy [8], back-action-evading measurement [9,10], and quantum sensing [11], among others.”
Entanglement, loss, and quantumness: When balanced beam splitters are best
Lupu-Gladstein, N., Hertz, A., Heshami, K., & Goldberg, A. Z. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/lhxk-v564 · Cited by 3
Quantum non-Gaussian high Fock states of light pulses and their superpositions
Teja, G. P., Kumar, C., Lachman, L., & Filip, R. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/qyfz-zw2x · Cited by 3
Quantum Computational Advantage of Noisy Boson Sampling with Partially Distinguishable Photons
Go, B., Oh, C., & Jeong, H. (2025) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/rflv-gc66 · Cited by 2
Zhu, H., Luo, W., Yan, R., Ren, C., Guo, J. Y., Zhao, Z., Ma, H., Chen, T., Gao, F., Kwek, L. C., et al. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.1006 · Cited by 2
Remote Entanglement Generation Via Enhanced Quantum State Transfer
Wang, T.-L., Wang, P., Zhao, Z., Zhang, S., Zhao, R.-Z., Yang, X., Zhang, H., Li, Z., Wu, Y. S., Guo, L.-L., et al. (2026) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/4x8d-cmyx · Cited by 2
“Currently, quantum chips based on super-conducting circuits [3–22], photons [23, 24], trapped ions [25], neutral atoms [26] and other platforms have integrated hundreds of qubits on a single chip, with several teams publishing roadmaps to realize chips with thousands of qubits in the coming years.”
Self-citationMicroscopic theory of squeezed light in quantum-dot systems
Patel, S. D., Doan, S., Shang, C., Grillot, F., Jahnke, F., Bowers, J. E., Moody, G., & Chow, W. W. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/mbgq-5yhc · Cited by 2
Full Quantum Stack: Ket Platform
Rosa, E. C. R., Lussi, E. W., Marchi, J., de Santiago, R., & Duzzioni, E. I. (2025) · Brazilian Journal of Physics · doi:10.1007/s13538-025-01981-w · Cited by 5
Model, data, and knowledge-driven geophysical inverse problems and intelligent computing
Wang, Y. (2026) · Science China Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11430-025-1868-y · Cited by 2
Konoike, R., Yoshizawa, A., Namiki, S., & Ikeda, K. (2022) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2022.3205624 · Cited by 2
“Compared to bulk interferometric systems [4], onchip optical circuits with reconfigurable MZIs are very flexible”
BackgroundWu, J.-Y. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.106.032437 · Cited by 2
“As a quantum computing that has already outperformed its classical counterpart [18, 19], boson sampling can generate classically non-simulatable photon statistics [20].”
BackgroundCheng, J.-M., Zhang, Y.-C., Zhou, X.-F., & Zhou, Z.-W. (2022) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/acacbd · Cited by 2
An Exact and Practical Classical Strategy for 2D Graph State Sampling
Zhang, S., Bao, J., Sun, Y., Li, L., Sun, H., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Annalen der Physik · doi:10.1002/andp.202200531 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSimulating Sparse and Shallow Gaussian Boson Sampling
Kolarovszki, Z., Kaposi, Á., Kozsik, T., & Zimborás, Z. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36030-5_17 · Cited by 3
Zhang, K., Guo, Y., & Jing, J. (2023) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202300160 · Cited by 3
Information-theoretic approach to readout-error mitigation for quantum computers
Nguyen, H. C. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.052419 · Cited by 2
Huang, H.-L., Zhao, Y., & Guo, C. (2024) · Intelligent Computing · doi:10.34133/icomputing.0079 · Cited by 2
Gaussian boson sampling with click-counting detectors
Bressanini, G., Kwon, H., & Kim, M. S. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.023708 · Cited by 3
“Hence, to lessen experimental challenges, most GBS experiments up to date employed threshold detection [17, 18] and only more recently, a 216-mode Gaussian boson sampler utilizing PNR detectors was used to claim quantum computational advantage [19].”
MethodMulti-Channel PWM Heater Control Chip in 0.18 μm High-Voltage CMOS for a Quantum Simulator
Ribisch, C., Hofbauer, M., Schneider-Hornstein, K., Kuttner, A., Jungwirth, M., & Zimmermann, H. (2024) · IEEE photonics journal · doi:10.1109/jphot.2024.3396213 · Cited by 2
“While this result is impressive, and an even further increase of the simulator’s complexity has been shown in 2021 [6], it seems evident that for significant further scaling integrated silicon photonics could be very promising.”
BackgroundKocharovsky, V. V. (2024) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e26110926 · Cited by 3
“…in boson sampling experiments for definitive demonstration of quantum advantage, although the results of recent experiments on Gaussian boson sampling of photons in the 216-and 144-mode interferometers [16, 17] and ultracold atoms in a tunnel-coupled optical lattice [6] were truly remarkable.”
Sudden death of quantum advantage in correlation generations
Sun, W., Wei, F., Shao, Y., & Wei, Z. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adr5002 · Cited by 2
“Although remarkable progress in their physical implementation has been made ( 1 – 5 ), we still lack sufficient quantum computational resources to perform quantum error corrections, which are considered the ultimate approach to combat quantum noise.”
Averchenko, V., Malyshev, D., & Tikhonov, K. S. (2024) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ad9be1 · Cited by 2
“Multimode squeezed light [1] is an essential resource for quantum networks [2, 3], boson sampling [4, 5], and optical quantum computation with continuous variables [6, 7].”
BackgroundValidation of a noisy Gaussian boson sampler via graph theory
Stanev, D., Giordani, T., Spagnolo, N., & Sciarrino, F. (2025) · Advanced Photonics Nexus · doi:10.1117/1.apn.4.1.016011 · Cited by 4
“The GBS problem has thus drawn attention in the photonic community due to the practical chance to achieve the quantum advantage regime with the technology available today.”
Biased estimator channels for classical shadows
Cai, Z., Chapman, A., Jnane, H., & Koczor, B. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.l030402 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhong, H.-S., Deng, Y.-H., Qin, J., Wang, H., Chen, M.-C., Peng, L.-C., Luo, Y.-H., Wu, D., Gong, S.-Q., Su, H., Hu, Y., Hu, P., Yang, X.-Y., Zhang, W.-J., Li, H., Li, Y., Jiang, X., Gan, L., Yang, G., You, L., Wang, Z., Li, L., Liu, N.-L., Renema, J. J., Lu, C.-Y., & Pan, J.-W.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Twente (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2021-10-25
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 180502-180502
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W3176603110
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 113 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 13
- FWCI
- 26.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0308700)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (2019SHZDZX01)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- Gaussian boson sampling, photonic quantum computing, quantum advantage, Hilbert space dimension
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