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M I C R O S C O P E Mission: Final Results of the Test of the Equivalence Principle
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The MICROSCOPE mission was designed to test the weak equivalence principle (WEP), stating the equality between the inertial and the gravitational masses, with a precision of 10^{-15} in terms of the Eötvös ratio η. Its experimental test consisted of comparing the accelerations undergone by two collocated test masses of different compositions as they orbited the Earth, by measuring the electrostatic forces required to keep them in equilibrium. This was done with ultrasensitive differential electrostatic accelerometers onboard a drag-free satellite. The mission lasted two and a half years, cumulating five months worth of science free-fall data, two-thirds with a pair of test masses of different compositions-titanium and platinum alloys-and the last third with a reference pair of test masses of the same composition-platinum. We summarize the data analysis, with an emphasis on the characterization of the systematic uncertainties due to thermal instabilities and on the correction of short-lived events which could mimic a WEP violation signal. We found no violation of the WEP, with the Eötvös parameter of the titanium and platinum pair constrained to η(Ti,Pt)=[-1.5±2.3(stat)±1.5(syst)]×10^{-15} at 1σ in statistical errors.
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“Besides, the reference instrument provided a null result, g Pt;Pt ¼ ½0:0 Æ 1:1 Æ 2:3 syst Þ Â 10 À15 showing no sign of unaccounted systematics.”
From Fundamental constants: from measurement to the universe, a window on gravitation and cosmology (2025) · cites this paper as Touboul et al. 2022
In the citing paper
“g Ti;Pt ¼ ðÀ1:5 Æ 2:3 Æ 1:5 syst Þ Â 10 À15 ;ð11Þ”
From Fundamental constants: from measurement to the universe, a window on gravitation and cosmology (2025) · cites this paper as Touboul et al. 2022
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Metadata
- Authors
- Touboul, P., Métris, G., Rodrigues, M., Bergé, J., Robert, A., Baghi, Q., André, Y., Bedouet, J., Boulanger, D., Bremer, S., Carle, P., Chhun, R., Christophe, B., Cipolla, V., Damour, T., Danto, P., Demange, L., Dittus, H., Dhuicque, O., Fayet, P., Foulon, B., Guidotti, P.-Y., Hagedorn, D., Hardy, E., Huynh, P.-A., Kayser, P., Lala, S., Lämmerzahl, C., Lebat, V., Liorzou, F., List, M., Löffler, F., Panet, I., Pernot-Borràs, M., Perraud, L., Pires, S., Pouilloux, B., Prieur, P., Rebray, A., Reynaud, S., Rievers, B., Selig, H., Serron, L., Sumner, T., Tanguy, N., Torresi, P., Visser, P., & MICROSCOPE Collaboration
- Affiliations
- Université Paris-Saclay (FR)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Centre National d'Études Spatiales (FR)
- Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales (FR)
- University of Bremen (DE)
- Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (FR)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (DE)
- Institut de physique du globe de Paris (FR)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Delft University of Technology (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2022-09-14
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 121102-121102
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W4295678915
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 10
- FWCI
- 16.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Media (https://www.suub.uni-bremen.de/) (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Repository (Delft University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
- Funders
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
- Office National d’études et de Recherches Aérospatiales
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
- Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (FKZ 50 OY 1305)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (LA 905/12-1)
- Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
- French National Center for Scientific Research
- German Space Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Keywords
- MICROSCOPE mission, weak equivalence principle, drag-free satellite, electrostatic accelerometer, systematic uncertainties, thermal instability
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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