X-Ray Parametric Conversion
Abstract
The observation of x-ray parametric conversion is reported. Results are in accord with the calculated nonlinear x-ray susceptibility. The appropriate nonlinear mechanisms are described in terms of classical free electrons.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Parametric down conversion, which generates entangled photon pairs in the hard x-ray regime, has been demonstrated recently with XFELs.
“Parametric down conversion (PDC), which generates entangled photon pairs in the hard x-rayregime [49,50], has been demonstrated recently with XFELs [51].”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [49]
Cites
Interactions between Light Waves in a Nonlinear Dielectric
Armstrong, J. A., Bloembergen, N., Ducuing, J., & Pershan, P. S. (1962) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.127.1918 · Cited by 4,342 · see citing works
Observation of Tunable Optical Parametric Fluorescence
Harris, S. E., Oshman, M. K., & Byer, R. L. (1967) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.18.732 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Theory of Optical Parametric Noise
Kleinman, D. A. (1968) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.174.1027 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Harmonics in the Scattering of Light by Free Electrons
Vachaspati (1962) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.128.664 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Parametric Conversion of X Rays
Freund, I., & Levine, B. F. (1969) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.23.854 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Optically Modulated X-Ray Diffraction
Freund, I., & Levine, B. F. (1970) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.25.1241 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Wave propagation in nonlinear electromagnetic media
Bloembergen, N. (1963) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1963.1668 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Parametric down conversion of X-rays
Levine, B. F., & Freund, I. (1970) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(70)90168-9 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Experimental realization of a localized one-photon state
Hong, C. K., & Mandeļ, L. (1986) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.56.58 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics
Young, L., Ueda, K., Gühr, M., Bucksbaum, P. H., Simon, M., Mukamel, S., Rohringer, N., Prince, K. C., Masciovecchio, C., Meyer, M., et al. (2018) · Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aa9735 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Horne, M. A., Shimony, A., & Zeilinger, A. (1989) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.62.2209 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Glover, T. E., Fritz, D., Cammarata, M., Allison, T. K., Coh, S., Feldkamp, J. M., Lemke, H. T., Zhu, D., Feng, Y., Coffee, R., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11340 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Mukamel, S., Healion, D., Zhang, Y., & Biggs, J. D. (2013) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110021 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
X-ray two-photon absorption competing against single and sequential multiphoton processes
Tamasaku, K., Shigemasa, E., Inubushi, Y., Katayama, T., Sawada, K. B., Yumoto, H., Ohashi, H., Mimura, H., Yabashi, M., Yamauchi, K., et al. (2014) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.10 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Approaches to the development of gamma-ray lasers
Baldwin, G. C., Solem, J. C., & Gol'danskiĭ, V. I. (1981) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.53.687 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Adams, B. W., Buth, C., Cavaletto, S. M., Evers, J., Harman, Z., Keitel, C. H., Pálffy, A., Picón, A., Röhlsberger, R., Rostovtsev, Y. V., et al. (2013) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500340.2012.752113 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
X-Ray Second Harmonic Generation
Shwartz, S., Fuchs, M., Hastings, J. B., Inubushi, Y., Ishikawa, T., Katayama, T., Reis, D. A., Sato, T., Tono, K., Yabashi, M., et al. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.163901 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering
Fuchs, M., Trigo, M., Chen, J., Ghimire, S., Shwartz, S., Kozina, M., Jiang, M. P., Henighan, T., Bray, C., Ndabashimiye, G., et al. (2015) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3452 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Emerging ultrafast techniques for studying quantum materials
Zong, A., Nebgen, B. R., Lin, S., Spies, J. A., & Zürch, M. W. (2023) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-022-00530-0 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Review of short wavelength laser research
Waynant, R. W., & Elton, R. C. (1976) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1976.10273 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
X-Ray Parametric Down-Conversion in the Langevin Regime
Shwartz, S., Coffee, R. N., Feldkamp, J. M., Feng, Y., Hastings, J. B., Yin, G. Y., & Harris, S. E. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.013602 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Applications of synchrotron radiation (ultraviolet spectral light source)
Codling, K. (1973) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/36/5/002 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Demonstrating an absolute quantum advantage in direct absorption measurement
Moreau, P., Sabines-Chesterking, J., Whittaker, R., Joshi, S. K., Birchall, P. M., McMillan, A. R., Rarity, J., & Matthews, J. C. F. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06545-w · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The use of pair production processes to reduce quantum noise in transmission measurements
Jakeman, E., & Rarity, J. (1986) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(86)90288-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Tabletop Creation of Entangled Multi-keV Photon Pairs and the Unruh Effect
Schützhold, R., Schaller, G., & Habs, D. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.091301 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Progress and prospects in nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray optics and spectroscopy
Chergui, M., Beye, M., Mukamel, S., Svetina, C., & Masciovecchio, C. (2023) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-023-00643-7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
X-ray quantum optics with Mössbauer nuclei embedded in thin-film cavities
Heeg, K. P., & Evers, J. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.88.043828 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ghost imaging with paired x-ray photons
Schori, A., Borodin, D., Tamasaku, K., & Shwartz, S. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.97.063804 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Theory of Nonlinear Optical Susceptibilities
Flytzanis, C. (1975) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-574001-2.50008-3 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Photon bunching in high-harmonic emission controlled by quantum light
Lemieux, S., Jalil, S. A., Purschke, D. N., Boroumand, N., Hammond, T. J., Villeneuve, D. M., Naumov, A. Y., Brabec, T., & Vampa, G. (2025) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-025-01673-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Zu, R., Wang, B., He, J., Wang, J., Weber, L., Chen, L., & Gopalan, V. (2022) · npj Computational Materials · doi:10.1038/s41524-022-00930-4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Parametric Down Conversion of X Rays into the Extreme Ultraviolet
Danino, H., & Freund, I. (1981) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.46.1127 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Signatures of the Unruh effect via high-power, short-pulse lasers
Thirolf, P. G., Habs, D., Henig, A., Jung, D., Kiefer, D., Lång, C., Schreiber, J., Maia, C., Schaller, G., Schützhold, R., et al. (2009) · The European Physical Journal D · doi:10.1140/epjd/e2009-00149-x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Polarization Entangled Photons at X-Ray Energies
Shwartz, S., & Harris, S. E. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.080501 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Overcoming the diffraction limit by multi-photon interference: a tutorial
Stohr, J. (2019) · Advances in Optics and Photonics · doi:10.1364/aop.11.000215 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Light emission based on nanophotonic vacuum forces
Rivera, N., Wong, L. J., Joannopoulos, J. D., Marin Soljacic, A., & Kaminer, I. E. (2019) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-019-0672-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Quantum Enhanced X-ray Detection
Sofer, S., Strizhevsky, E., Schori, A., Tamasaku, K., & Shwartz, S. (2019) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.9.031033 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Prospects in x-ray science emerging from quantum optics and nanomaterials
Wong, L. J., & Kaminer, I. E. (2021) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/5.0060552 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
X-ray parametric scattering by a diamond crystal
Yoda, Y., Suzuki, T., Zhang, X. W., Hirano, K., & Kikuta, S. (1998) · Journal of Synchrotron Radiation · doi:10.1107/s0909049597020232 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Nonlinear optics in the angstrom regime: Hard-x-ray frequency doubling in perfect crystals
Nazarkin, A., Podorov, S. G., Uschmann, I., Forster, E., & Sauerbrey, R. A. (2003) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.67.041804 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Parametric down conversion of X-ray photons
Adams, B., Fernandez, P., Lee, W.-K., Materlik, G., Mills, D. M., & Novikov, D. V. (2000) · Journal of Synchrotron Radiation · doi:10.1107/s0909049599015113 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Determining X-Ray Nonlinear Susceptibility of Diamond by the Optical Fano Effect
Tamasaku, K., Sawada, K. B., & Ishikawa, T. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.254801 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Quantum Sensing with Extreme Light
Kutas, M., Haase, B., Riexinger, F., Hennig, J., Bickert, P., Pfeiffer, T., Bortz, M., Molter, D., & von Freymann, G. (2022) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.202100164 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Crystallography using an X-ray free-electron laser
Patterson, B. D. (2014) · Crystallography Reviews · doi:10.1080/0889311x.2014.939649 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Idler energy dependence of nonlinear diffraction in X → X + EUV parametric down-conversion
Tamasaku, K., & Ishikawa, T. (2007) · Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0108767307032680 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Borodin, D., Levy, S., & Shwartz, S. (2017) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4979413 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Freund, I. (1973) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.7.1849 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Explaining the x-ray nonlinear susceptibility of diamond and silicon near absorption edges
Barbiellini, B., Joly, Y., & Tamasaku, K. (2015) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.92.155119 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
X-ray photon pairs with highly suppressed background
Borodin, D., Schori, A., Zontone, F., & Shwartz, S. (2016) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.94.013843 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Shortening X-Ray Pulse Duration via Saturable Absorption
Inoue, I., Inubushi, Y., Osaka, T., Yamada, J., Tamasaku, K., Yoneda, H., & Yabashi, M. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.163903 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Difference-frequency generation of optical radiation from two-color x-ray pulses
Shwartz, E., & Shwartz, S. (2015) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.23.007471 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Review of Photon-to-Photon Conversion in Nanoscale Materials and Devices and Its Applications
Rao, T., Xu, Y., Tang, X., & Mu, G. (2023) · ACS Applied Nano Materials · doi:10.1021/acsanm.3c04950 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Nonlinear Response of Bound Electrons to X Rays
Jha, S. S., & Woo, J. W. F. (1972) · Physical review. B, Solid state · doi:10.1103/physrevb.5.4210 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Schreck, S., Beye, M., & Föhlisch, A. (2015) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500340.2015.1052028 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Intense monochromatic photons above 100 keV from an inverse Compton source
Deitrick, K., Hoffstaetter, G., Franck, C., Muratori, B. D., Williams, P. H., Krafft, G. A., Terzić, B., Crone, J., & Owen, H. L. (2021) · Physical Review Accelerators and Beams · doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.24.050701 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Evidence for Collective Nonlinear Interactions in X Ray into Ultraviolet Parametric Down-Conversion
Borodin, D., Schori, A., Rueff, J., Ablett, J. M., & Shwartz, S. (2019) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.122.023902 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Second harmonic generation of optical ellipse fields
Freund, I. (2002) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01963-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Quantum nanophotonics with energetic particles: X-rays and free electrons
Shi, X., Lee, W. W., Karnieli, A., Lohse, L. M., Gorlach, A. A., Wong, L. W. W., Salditt, T., Fan, S., Kaminer, I. E., & Wong, L. J. (2025) · Progress in Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100577 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Second-harmonic generation of focused ultrashort x-ray pulses
Yudovich, S., & Shwartz, S. (2015) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.32.001894 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Quantum and Nonlinear Optics with Hard X-Rays
Röhlsberger, R., Evers, J., & Shwartz, S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_32 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Difference frequency generation of ultraviolet from x-ray pulses in opaque materials
Minerbi, E., & Shwartz, S. (2019) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.36.000624 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Coherent interactions of free electrons and matter: toward tunable compact x-ray sources
Balanov, A., Gorlach, A. A., Baryshevsky, V. G., Феранчук, И. Д., Nitta, H., Hayakawa, Y., Shchagin, A. V., Takabayashi, Y., Danon, Y., Wong, L. J., et al. (2025) · Advances in Optics and Photonics · doi:10.1364/aop.559742 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ansaldo, E. J. (1977) · Contemporary Physics · doi:10.1080/00107517708231507 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Confirming X-ray parametric down conversion by time–energy correlation
Hartley, N. J., Hodge, D. S., Buckway, T. J., Camacho, R. M., Chow, P. C., Christie, E., Gleason, A. E., Glenzer, S. H., Halavanau, A., Hardy, A. M., et al. (2024) · Results in Physics · doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2024.107328 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nonlinear response of electrons in a solid to X-rays
Jha, S. S., & Woo, J. (1972) · Il Nuovo cimento della Società italiana di fisica. B/Il Nuovo cimento B · doi:10.1007/bf02911422 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
X-ray parametric scattering from atomicK-shell electrons
Marchetti, V., & Franck, C. (1987) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.35.3128 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Synchrotron Radiation for Quantum Technology
Rader, O., Pascarelli, S., Attenkofer, K., Makarova, A. A., Holldack, K., Roßnagel, K., Temst, K., Kourousias, G., Carretta, S., Biscari, C., et al. (2025) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202501043 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Adams, B. W. (2011) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys2056 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Resonant X-ray Sum-Frequency-Generation Spectroscopy of K-Edges in Acetyl Fluoride
Bruner, A., Cavaletto, S. M., Govind, N., & Mukamel, S. (2019) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00642 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Parametric down conversion of X-rays, recent experiments
Adams, B. W., Nishino, Y., Novikov, D., Materlik, G., & Mills, D. M. (2001) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00572-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Quantum and Nonlinear Optics with Hard X-Rays
Röhlsberger, R., Evers, J., & Shwartz, S. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04507-8_32-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Freund, I. (1972) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(72)90172-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Potential Characteristics and Applications of X-ray Lasers
Nagel, D. J. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-025266-7.50027-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Resonance Enhancement of Inelastic X-Ray Scatterings Induced by Strong Visible Lights
Nasu, K. (1994) · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan · doi:10.1143/jpsj.63.2416 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
X-ray parametric down-conversion at an XFEL
Hartley, N. J., Baxter, J., Curtis, S., Daisuke, O., Halavanau, A., Carpenter, A. H., Hussain, J., Osaka, T., Ozaki, N., Sandberg, R. L., et al. (2025) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.560275 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Resonant x-ray difference frequency generation
Serrat, C. (2023) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/ad0f39 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Double quantum scattering of X rays
Levine, B. F., & Freund, I. (1971) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(71)90001-0 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Quantum correlation imaging via X-ray parametric down-conversion
Goodrich, J. C., Mahon, R., Hanrahan, J., Bollweg, D., Dziubelski, M., Abrahão, R. A., Karmakar, S., Gofron, K., Caswell, T. A., Allan, D., et al. (2025) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.574747 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
X-ray phase measurements by time-energy correlated photon pairs
Klein, Y., Strizhevsky, E., Aknin, H., Deutsch, M., Cohen, E., Pe’er, A., Tamasaku, K., Schülli, T. U., Karimi, E., & Shwartz, S. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw3893 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Probing Delocalized Current Densities in Selenophene by Resonant X-ray Sum-Frequency Generation
Cavaletto, S. M., & Mukamel, S. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00886 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
X-ray third-order nonlinear asymmetric diffraction in the transmission geometry
Balyan, M. K. (2021) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ac2186 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Proposal for entangled x-ray beams
Durbin, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0091947 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Advancing X-ray quantum imaging through Monte-Carlo simulations
Espoukeh, P., Biener, G., Baxter, J. M., Aquila, A., & Schwander, P. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-10495-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Polarization Entangled Photons at X-Ray Energies
Shwartz, S., & Harris, S. E. (2011) · Nonlinear Optics · doi:10.1364/nlo.2011.nwc3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nonlinear X-ray Compton Scattering
Fuchs, M. (2014) · Research in Optical Sciences · doi:10.1364/hilas.2014.hth2b.3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Timepix3 readout system for time resolved experiments at synchrotron radiation facilities
Crevatin, G., Omar, D., Horswell, I., Yousef, H., Giménez, E. N., & Tartoni, N. (2016) · IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) · doi:10.1109/nssmic.2016.8069823 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Investigation of third-order nonlinear dynamical X-ray diffraction based on a new exact solution
Balyan, M. K. (2020) · Journal of Synchrotron Radiation · doi:10.1107/s1600577520006724 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
X-Ray Quantum Optics With Mössbauer Nuclei In Thin-Film Cavities
Heeg, K. P. (2014) · heiDOK (Heidelberg University) · doi:10.11588/heidok.00017869 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Stohr, J. (2023) · Springer tracts in modern physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20744-0_1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Quantumness of gamma-ray and hard X-ray photon emission from 3D free-electron lattices
Zhao, L., ZHANG, L., Xu, H., & Li, Z. (2025) · Photonics Research · doi:10.1364/prj.539785 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Study of X-ray laser interaction plasmas
Kodama, R. (1992) · Laser and Particle Beams · doi:10.1017/s0263034600004778 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Quantum and Nonlinear Optics with Hard X-Rays
Röhlsberger, R., Evers, J., & Shwartz, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14394-1_32 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kubota, Y., & Tamasaku, K. (2023) · Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6714-8_5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
New Horizons in SPDC X-ray Imaging
Goodrich, J. C., Mahon, R., Hanrahan, J., Dziubelski, M., Abrahão, R. A., Karmakar, S., Gofron, K., Caswell, T. A., Allan, D., Berman, L. E., et al. (2024) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_fs.2024.fm4b.1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Optics at Bell Laboratories–Lasers in Science
Giordmaine, J. A. (1972) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.11.002435 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Theory of parametric x-ray optical wavemixing processesPreprint
Krebs, D., & Rohringer, N. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.05838 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nonlinear processes with X-rays
Shkolnikov, P. L., & Kaplan, A. E. (1996) · IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting (LEOS) · doi:10.1109/leos.1996.571691
Nonlinear response of the harmonic and anharmonic oscillator to X-rays
Freund, I., & Levine, B. F. (1974) · Il Nuovo cimento della Società italiana di fisica. B/Il Nuovo cimento B · doi:10.1007/bf02721107
High‐Intensity Effects in the X‐Ray Regime
(2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527636365.ch7
Glover, T. E., Allison, T., Cammarata, M., Feldkamp, J. M., Fritz, D., Hastings, J. B., Harris, S. E., Reis, D. A., & Schwarz, S. (2011) · Frontiers in Optics · doi:10.1364/ls.2011.lthb2
Ando, M., Zhang, X., Namikawa, K., & Kikuta, S. (1995) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1145787
Generation of the X-ray second harmonic under the dynamical diffraction condition
Takahashi, T., Ishikawa, T., & Kikuta, S. (1986) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment · doi:10.1016/0168-9002(86)90188-9
Radiation of X-ray entangled photons by high energy electrons
Ispirian, K. A., & Ispiryan, M. K. (2010) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/236/1/012006
NONLINEAR OPTICS WITH HARD X-RAYS: HARMONIC GENERATION AND RAMAN SCATTERING IN PERFECT CRYSTALS
Nazarkin, A., Uschmann, I., Forster, E., & Sauerbrey, R. A. (2006) · Modern Physics Letters B · doi:10.1142/s0217984906010834
X-ray / Optical Sum Frequency Generation
Glover, T. E., Fritz, D., Cammarata, M., Allison, T., Coh, S., Feldkamp, J. M., Lemke, H. T., Zhu, D., Feng, Y., Coffee, R., et al. (2013) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_qels.2013.qf2d.4
Elton, R. C. (1990) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-238080-8.50010-0
Quantum hard x-ray microscopy with undetected photons
Aknin, H., & Shwartz, S. (2022) · Optical and Quantum Sensing and Precision Metrology II · doi:10.1117/12.2616980
Balyan, M. K. (2022) · Proceedings of NAS RA Physics · doi:10.54503/0002-3035-2022-57.1-131
- Authors
- Eisenberger, P., & McCall, S. L.
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1971-03-22
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 684-688
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042647664
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Keywords
- nonlinear optics, free electrons, X-ray generation, second harmonic generation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review