Universal Conductance Fluctuations in Metals
Abstract
The conductance of any metallic sample is predicted to fluctuate as a function of chemical potential or magnetic field by an amount of order $\frac{{e}^{2}}{h}(\ensuremath{\simeq}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ independent of sample size and degree of disorder as long as the temperature is low enough so that $\mathrm{kT}$ and the inelastic-scattering rate are less than the inverse time to diffuse across the sample. The theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations and explains many features of experiments on small wires and rings.
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At low magnetic fields |B| < 0.15 T, the weak anti-localization effect with a sharp cusp at zero field is seen, consistent with strong spin-orbit coupling in Bi2Se3.
“At low magnetic fields | B | < 0 . 15T, the weak anti-localization effect [24] with a sharp cusp at zero field is seen in Fig. 2c, consistent with the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling in Bi2Se3.”
From Aharonov–Bohm interference in topological insulator nanoribbons (2010) · cites this paper as [24]
Cites
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Anderson Localization in Two Dimensions
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Self-citationMagnetoresistance Fluctuations in Mesoscopic Wires and Rings
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Self-citationQuasiparticle lifetime in disordered two-dimensional metals
Abrahams, E., Anderson, P. W., Lee, P. A., et al. (1981) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.24.6783 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Self-citationFluctuations in Nuclear Reactions
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Random-matrix theory of quantum transport
Beenakker, C. W. J. (1997) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.69.731 · Cited by 2,551 · see citing works
Aharonov-Bohm effect in normal metal quantum coherence and transport
Washburn, S., & Webb, R. A. (1986) · Advances in Physics · doi:10.1080/00018738600101921 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Aharonov–Bohm interference in topological insulator nanoribbons
Peng, H., Lai, K., Kong, D., Meister, S., Chen, Y., Qi, X.-L., Zhang, S.-C., Shen, Z.-X., & Cui, Y. (2010) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2609 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
The low-temperature analysis of narrow GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction wires
Bird, J. P., Grassie, A. D. C., Lakrimi, M., Hutchings, K. M., Meeson, P., Harris, J. J., & Foxon, C. T. (1991) · Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/3/17/007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, P. A., & Stone, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1985-10-07
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 1622-1625
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050953930
- Cited by
- 1,369
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 40.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and electron transport phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Quantum chaos and dynamical systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
- Keywords
- universal conductance fluctuations, conductance quantization, metallic conductors, chemical potential dependence, magnetic field dependence, inelastic scattering, low-temperature transport, quantum rings, mesoscopic conductors
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