Aharonov-Bohm effect in normal metal quantum coherence and transport
Abstract
We review some of the recent surprising theoretical and experimental results obtained on the transport properties of small disordered metal samples. Even in the presence of disorder, the quantum mechanical interference of electron wavefunctions can still be observed. The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a particularly clear demonstration of this. In doubly connected structures (such as loops of wire) threaded by a magnetic flux, the electrical conductance oscillates because of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In fact, because the electron trajectories are diffusive (i.e. random walks), even a lone wire (a singly connected structure) will exhibit a random pattern of conductance fluctuations as a function of the magnetic field because of the same interference effects. All that is required for the observation of these interferences is that the electrons retain ‘phase memory’ duing the period of transit through the sample. The length over which memory is maintained (the phase coherence length) can be much larger than the random walk step length (the mean free path). We focus mainly on effects observed in the limit where the phase coherence length of the electrons is comparable to or larger than the sample size. We explain how the interferences are averaged as the system size grows larger than the phase coherence length. We also remark on surprising aspects of the fluctuations such as those resulting from the non-local character of the wavefunction; some of the results are forbidden classically.
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For an electron traversing a gold wire at temperatures less than 1 K, the dephasing time t_phi is of order 10^-13 seconds.
“For example, for the state of an electron traversing a gold wire at temperatures less than 1K, t φ is of order 10 -13 seconds.”
From Two-bit gates are universal for quantum computation (1995) · cites this paper as [7]
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Webb, R. A., Washburn, S., Umbach, C. P., et al. (1986) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783110862393.561 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
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Random-matrix theory of quantum transport
Beenakker, C. W. J. (1997) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.69.731 · Cited by 2,551 · see citing works
Two-bit gates are universal for quantum computation
DiVincenzo, D. P. (1995) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.51.1015 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
The low-temperature analysis of narrow GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction wires
Bird, J. P., Grassie, A. D. C., Lakrimi, M., Hutchings, K. M., Meeson, P., Harris, J. J., & Foxon, C. T. (1991) · Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter · doi:10.1088/0953-8984/3/17/007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Washburn, S., & Webb, R. A.
- Affiliations
- IBM (United States) (US)
- Venue
- Advances in Physics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1986-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 375-422
- ISSN
- 0001-8732 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-6976
- OpenAlex
- W2027572134
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 27.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances In Physics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum and electron transport phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Quantum chaos and dynamical systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Surface and Thin Film Phenomena
- Keywords
- Aharonov-Bohm effect, quantum interference, disordered metals, conductance fluctuations, phase coherence length, quantum coherence, magnetic flux, mesoscopic transport, conductance oscillations
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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