Shell-Structure Phase of Magnetically Confined Strongly Coupled Plasmas
Abstract
We report the observation of shell structure in $^{9}\mathrm{Be}^{+}$ nonneutral plasmas (ion clouds) confined in a Penning trap. Clouds containing up to 15000 ions (density \ensuremath{\cong} ${10}^{8}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) were laser cooled to temperatures of about 10 mK. Under these conditions, the ions are strongly coupled and exhibit liquidlike and solidlike behavior through the formation of concentric shells. The shells were observed by direct imaging of the laser-induced ion fluorescence for values of the Coulomb coupling constant $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ ranging from about 20 to 200. The shell structure is compared with theoretical predictions.
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Without load, f_v ≃ 10^-10 is achievable for static confining fields E_c with a strength of about 1000 V/m typical for the traps used by Itano et al.
“Without load (as in our case) f v ≃ 10 -10 is achievable for static confining fields E c with a strength of about 1000 V/m typical for the traps used by Itano et al. (their ion-trap setup is described in Gilbert et al.[38]).”
From On a possibility to find experimental evidence for the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics (1997) · cites this paper as [38]
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Quantum projection noise: Population fluctuations in two-level systems
Itano, W. M., Bergquist, J. C., Bollinger, J. J., Gilligan, J. M., Heinzen, D. J., Moore, F. L., Raizen, M. G., & Wineland, D. J. (1993) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.47.3554 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Self-citationA 303-MHz frequency standard based on trapped Be/sup +/ ions
Bollinger, J. J., Heizen, D. J., Itano, W. M., Gilbert, S. L., & Wineland, D. J. (1991) · IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement · doi:10.1109/tim.1990.1032897 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationBollinger, J. J., Heinzen, D. J., Itano, W. M., Gilbert, S. L., & Wineland, D. J. (1989) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.63.1031 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationItano, W. M., Bergquist, J. C., Bollinger, J. J., & Wineland, D. J. (1995) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/1995/t59/013 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationPlaga, R. (1997) · Foundations of Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02550677 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Doppler-cooled ions in a compact reconfigurable Penning trap
McMahon, B. J., Volin, C., Rellergert, W. G., & Sawyer, B. C. (2020) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.101.013408 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gilbert, S. L., Bollinger, J. J., & Wineland, D. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1988-05-16
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 2022-2025
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051702937
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Fusion and Plasma Physics Studies
- Keywords
- shell structures, strongly coupled plasma, non-neutral plasma, Penning trap, laser cooling
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