The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measurement of the Wigner distribution and the density matrix of a light mode using optical homodyne tomography: Application to squeezed states and the vacuum
Abstract
We have measured probability distributions of quadrature-field amplitude for both vacuum and quadrature-squeezed states of a mode of the electromagnetic field. From these measurements we demonstrate the technique of optical homodyne tomography to determine the Wigner distribution and the density matrix of the mode. This provides a complete quantum mechanical characterization of the measured mode.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“For continuous variables, tomography has been implemented in both quantum [23] and atom [24] optics.”
From Nonmaximally Entangled States: Production, Characterization, and Utilization (1999) · cites this paper as [23]
Citations
Cites
On the Quantum Correction For Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Wigner, E. (1932) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.40.749 · Cited by 9,283
Distribution functions in physics: Fundamentals
Hillery, M. S., O’Connell, R. F., Scully, M. O., & Wigner, E. P. (1984) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(84)90160-1 · Cited by 2,932
Distribution Functions in Physics: Fundamentals
Hillery, M. S., O’Connell, R. F., Scully, M. O., & Wigner, E. P. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59033-7_28 · Cited by 1,803
The Mathematics of Computerized Tomography
Natterer, F. (1986) · Vieweg+Teubner eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-663-01409-6 · Cited by 1,774
Vogel, K., & Risken, H. (1989) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.40.2847 · Cited by 1,317
Phase properties of the quantized single-mode electromagnetic field
Pegg, D. T., & Barnett, S. M. (1989) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.39.1665 · Cited by 879
Noise in homodyne and heterodyne detection
Yuen, H. P., & Chan, V. W. S. (1983) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.8.000177 · Cited by 745
Yuen, H. P., & Shapiro, J. H. (1980) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/tit.1980.1056132 · Cited by 632
Squeezed-light – enhanced polarization interferometer
Grangier, P., Slusher, R. E., Yurke, B., & LaPorta, A. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.59.2153 · Cited by 499
The concept of transition in quantum mechanics
Park, J. L. (1970) · Foundations of Physics · doi:10.1007/bf00708652 · Cited by 301
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 1991, A Faridani, in Inverse Problems and Imaging, Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics Vol. 245
- L. Susskind, 1964, N.Y.), 1, 49
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,001
Robustness of raw quantum tomography
Asorey, M., Paolo Facchi, A., Florio, G., Man’ko, V. I., Marmo, G., Pascazio, S., & Sudarshan, E. C. G. (2010) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2010.12.056 · Cited by 18
Advanced Concepts in Quantum Mechanics
Esposito, G. V. M., Marmo, G., Miele, G., & Sudarshan, G. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139875950 · Cited by 21
Quantum-state reconstruction of a squeezed laser field by self-homodyne tomography
Zavatta, A., Marin, F., & Giacomelli, G. (2002) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.66.043805 · Cited by 18
Tomography for Several Particles with One Random Variable
Arkhipov, A. S., Lozovik, Y. E., & Man’ko, V. I. (2003) · Journal of Russian Laser Research · doi:10.1023/a:1024051809262 · Cited by 18
Generating-function approach to the moment problem for the density matrix of a single mode
Herzog, U. (1996) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.53.2889 · Cited by 18
Quantum transitions in the center-of-mass tomographic probability representation
Arkhipov, A. S., & Man’ko, V. I. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.71.012101 · Cited by 18
Phase fluctuations of coherent light coupled to a nonlinear medium of inversion symmetry
Pathak, A., & Mandal, S. (2000) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9601(00)00446-1 · Cited by 18
Molecular emission tomography of anharmonic vibrations
Waxer, L. J., Walmsley, I. A., & Vogel, W. (1997) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.56.r2491 · Cited by 17
Nicola, S. M. D., Fedele, R., ko, M. A. M., & ko, V. I. M. (2003) · Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics · doi:10.1088/1464-4266/5/1/313 · Cited by 18
Added noise in homodyne measurement of field observables
D’Ariano, G. M., & Paris, M. G. A. (1997) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9601(97)00424-6 · Cited by 18
Motional wave-packet splitting and ion-trap interferometry
Zeng, H. (1998) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.57.388 · Cited by 18
Quantum homodyne tomography with a priori constraints
Banaszek, K. (1999) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.59.4797 · Cited by 18
Reply to “Loss-error compensation in quantum-state measurements”
Kiss, T., Herzog, U., & Leonhardt, U. (1998) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.57.3134 · Cited by 18
0 Orthogonality relations in Quantum TomographyPreprint
D’Ariano, G. M., Maccone, L., & Paris, M. G. A. (2016) · Cited by 18
Chernega, V. N., Man’ko, O. V., & Man’ko, V. I. (2018) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1071/1/012008 · Cited by 18
Probability Representation of Quantum States as a Renaissance of Hidden Variables— God Plays Coins
Chernega, V. N., Man’ko, O. V., & Man’ko, V. I. (2019) · Journal of Russian Laser Research · doi:10.1007/s10946-019-09778-4 · Cited by 17
Bayesian homodyne and heterodyne tomography
Chapman, J. C., Lukens, J. M., Qi, B., Pooser, R. C., & Peters, N. A. (2022) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.456597 · Cited by 22
Strandberg, I. (2022) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.044041 · Cited by 21
Visualizing nonclassical effects in phase space
Kühn, B., & Vogel, W. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.90.033821 · Cited by 18
Spectrometric reconstruction of mechanical-motional states in optomechanics
Liao, J., & Nori, F. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.90.023851 · Cited by 19
Measurement of complete and continuous Wigner functions for discrete atomic systems
Tian, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, P., Li, G., Li, J., & Zhang, T. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.97.013840 · Cited by 16
Yang, C., Gu, Z., Chen, P., Qin, Z., Chen, J. F., & Zhang, W. (2018) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.10.054011 · Cited by 17
Адам, П., Andreev, V. A., Man’ko, M. A., Man’ko, V. I., & Mechler, M. I. (2020) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym12071099 · Cited by 17
Quantum phase diagrams of matter-field Hamiltonians II: Wigner function analysis
López-Peña, R., Cordero, S., Nahmad-Achar, E., & Castaños, O. (2020) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/abd654 · Cited by 17
Truncated Coherent States and Photon-Addition
Sivakumar, S. (2014) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10773-013-1967-7 · Cited by 17
Spin tomography and star-product kernel for qubits and qutrits
Filippov, S. N., & Man’ko, V. I. (2009) · Journal of Russian Laser Research · doi:10.1007/s10946-009-9065-2 · Cited by 17
Multiphoton Tomography with Linear Optics and Photon Counting
Banchi, L., Kolthammer, W. S., & Kim, M. S. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.250402 · Cited by 17
Optimal experiment design for quantum state tomography of a molecular vibrational mode
Branderhorst, M. P. A., Walmsley, I. A., Kosut, R. L., & RABITZ, H. A. (2008) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/0953-4075/41/7/074004 · Cited by 16
Broadband detection of squeezed vacuum: A spectrum of quantum states
Breitenbach, G., Illuminati, F., Schiller, S., & Mlynek, J. (1998) · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · doi:10.1209/epl/i1998-00456-2 · Cited by 17
Homodyne detection in a photon counting application
Grice, W. P., & Walmsley, I. A. (1996) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500349608232783 · Cited by 17
Geometric phase with photon statistics and squeezed light for the dispersive fiber
Joshi, A., Pati, A. K., & Banerjee, A. (1994) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.49.5131 · Cited by 17
Violation of Bell’s inequalities and two-mode quantum-optical state measurement
Wu, J. W. (2000) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.61.022111 · Cited by 17
Fast biological imaging with quantum-enhanced Raman microscopy
Terrasson, A., Mauranyapin, N. P., Casacio, C. A., Grim, J. Q., Barnscheidt, K., Hage, B., Taylor, M. A., & Bowen, W. P. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.523956 · Cited by 18
Basis-neutral Hilbert-space analyzers
Martin, L., Mardani, D., Kondakci, H. E., Larson, W. D., Shabahang, S., Jahromi, A. K., Malhotra, T., Vamivakas, A. N., Atia, G., & Abouraddy, A. F. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep44995 · Cited by 15
Régent, F.-M. L., & Rouchon, P. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.032603 · Cited by 21
Precision Bounds on Continuous-Variable State Tomography Using Classical Shadows
Gandhari, S., Albert, V. V., Gerrits, T., Taylor, J. M., & Gullans, M. J. (2024) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.5.010346 · Cited by 36
Tomographic discord for a system of two coupled nanoelectric circuits
Fedorov, A. K., Kiktenko, E. O., Man’ko, O. V., & Man’ko, V. I. (2015) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/90/5/055101 · Cited by 16
Barak, R., & Ben-Aryeh, Y. (2005) · Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics · doi:10.1088/1464-4266/7/5/001 · Cited by 16
Unbalanced Homodyne Correlation Measurements
Kühn, B., & Vogel, W. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.163603 · Cited by 16
Mogilevtsev, D. S., Hradil, Z., Řeháček, J., & Shchesnovich, V. S. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.120403 · Cited by 16
Zhan, Z., Colomés, E., & Oriols, X. (2016) · Journal of Computational Electronics · doi:10.1007/s10825-016-0875-5 · Cited by 16
El-Orany, F. A. A. (2004) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General · doi:10.1088/0305-4470/37/23/013 · Cited by 15
Quantum correlations in second harmonic generation with a detuned cavity
Olsen, M. K., Granja, S. C. G., & Horowicz, R. J. (1999) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(99)00157-1 · Cited by 16
Protective measurement of the wave function of a single squeezed harmonic-oscillator state
Alter, O., & Yamamoto, Y. (1996) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.53.r2911 · Cited by 16
Full Tomography from Compatible Measurements
Řeháček, J., Hradil, Z., Bouchal, Z., Čelechovský, R., Rigas, I., & Sánchez-Soto, L. L. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.250402 · Cited by 16
Research on brain control prosthetic hand
Zhang, X., Li, R., & Li, Y. (2014) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence · doi:10.1109/urai.2014.7057389 · Cited by 16
Bell's theorem for trichotomic observables
Belinskii, A. V. (1997) · Physics-Uspekhi · doi:10.1070/pu1997v040n03abeh000225 · Cited by 16
Qubit state tomography in a superconducting circuit via weak measurements
Qin, L., Xu, L., Feng, W., & Li, X.-Q. (2017) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aa646e · Cited by 16
A geometric picture of quantum mechanics with noncommutative values for observables
Kong, O. C. W. (2020) · Results in Physics · doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103636 · Cited by 16
Direct probing of the Wigner function by time-multiplexed detection of photon statistics
Laiho, K., Avenhaus, M., Cassemiro, K. N., & Silberhorn, C. (2009) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 16
Koashi, M., Kono, K., Matsuoka, M., & Hirano, T. (1994) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.50.r3605 · Cited by 16
Then-partite entangled Wigner operator and its applications in Wigner function
Jiang, N.-Q. (2005) · Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics · doi:10.1088/1464-4266/7/9/005 · Cited by 15
Atom Optics in Quantized Light Fields
Freyberger, M., Herkommer, A. M., Krähmer, D. S., Mayr, E., & Schleich, W. P. (1999) · Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics · doi:10.1016/s1049-250x(08)60220-7 · Cited by 16
Measuring quantum states: Experimental setup for measuring the spatial density matrix
Tegmark, M. (1996) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.54.2703 · Cited by 16
Measuring the Wigner Functions of Two-Mode Cavity Fields and Testing the Bell's Inequalities
Zhang, Z. (2004) · Chinese Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/0256-307x/21/1/002 · Cited by 16
Measurement of photon statistics via electromagnetically induced transparency
Azim, T., & Zubairy, M. S. (1998) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00805-6 · Cited by 16
Quantum probability measure for parametric oscillators
Amosov, G. G., & Man’ko, V. I. (2003) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2003.08.045 · Cited by 16
Quantum tomography of spin states and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox
Andreev, V. A., & Man’ko, V. I. (2000) · Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics · doi:10.1088/1464-4266/2/2/310 · Cited by 16
Reconstruction of motional states of neutral atoms via maximum entropy principle
Drobný, G., & Bužek, V. (2002) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.65.053410 · Cited by 16
On measuring extremely small phase fluctuations
Vaccaro, J. A., & Pegg, D. T. (1994) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(94)90406-5 · Cited by 16
Time‐Frequency and Coordinate‐Momentum Wigner Wavepackets in Nonlinear Spectroscopy
Mukamel, S., Ciordas‐Ciurdariu, C., & Khidekel, V. (1997) · Advances in chemical physics · doi:10.1002/9780470141601.ch14 · Cited by 16
Characterizing biexciton coherences with quantum spectroscopy
Mootz, M., Kira, M., Koch, S. W., Almand-Hunter, A. E., & Cundiff, S. T. (2014) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.155301 · Cited by 15
Measuring the quantum state of a single system with minimum state disturbance
Schlosshauer, M. (2016) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.93.012115 · Cited by 15
Wigner distributions for an electron
Kumar, N., & Mondal, C. (2018) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2018.04.014 · Cited by 15
Jia, Y.-X., Wang, X., Hu, X., Hua, X., Zhang, Y., Guo, X., Zhang, S., Xiao, X., Yu, S., Zou, J., et al. (2023) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/acfcd4 · Cited by 17
Quantum-optical analysis of high-order harmonic generation in H 2 + molecules
Rivera-Dean, J., Stammer, P., Maxwell, A., Lamprou, T., Pisanty, E., Tzallas, P., Lewenstein, M., & Ciappina, M. F. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.033706 · Cited by 21
Readout error mitigated quantum state tomography tested on superconducting qubits
Aasen, A. S., Giovanni, A. D., Rotzinger, H., Ustinov, A. V., & Gärttner, M. (2024) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-024-01790-8 · Cited by 17
Tomographic causal analysis of two-qubit states and tomographic discord
Kiktenko, E. O., & Fedorov, A. K. (2014) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2014.04.036 · Cited by 15
Richter, M., Schlosser, F., Schoth, M., Burger, S., Schmidt, F., Knorr, A., & Mukamel, S. (2012) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.86.085308 · Cited by 15
Puentes, G., Datta, A., Feito, Á., Eisert, J., Plenio, M. B., & Walmsley, I. A. (2010) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/12/3/033042 · Cited by 15
Hu, L., & Fan, H.-Y. (2009) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.80.022115 · Cited by 15
Phase space formulation of the Abelian and non-Abelian quantum geometric tensor
González, D., Gutiérrez‐Ruiz, D., & Vergara, J. D. (2020) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8121/abc6c2 · Cited by 15
Continuous-variable tomography of solitary electrons
Fletcher, J. D., Johnson, N., Locane, E., See, P., Griffiths, J. P., Farrer, I. A., Ritchie, D. A., Brouwer, P. W., Kashcheyevs, V., & Kataoka, M. (2019) · White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · doi:10.17169/refubium-25985 · Cited by 15
Wigner function for noninteracting fermions in hard-wall potentials
Bruyne, B. D., Dean, D. S., Doussal, P. L., Majumdar, S. N., & Schehr, G. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.104.013314 · Cited by 19
Gaussian states under coarse-grained continuous variable measurements
Park, J., Ji, S.-W., Lee, J., & Nha, H. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.89.042102 · Cited by 15
Squeeze tomography of quantum states
Castaños, O., López–Peña, R., Man’ko, M. A., & Man’ko, V. I. (2004) · Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General · doi:10.1088/0305-4470/37/35/009 · Cited by 15
What dynamics can be expected for mixed states in two-slit experiments?
Luis, A., & Sanz, Á. S. (2015) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.aop.2015.03.030 · Cited by 19
Filippov, S. N., Man’ko, V. I., Coelho, A. S., Zavatta, A., & Bellini, M. (2013) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2013/t153/014025 · Cited by 15
Ultrastable Fiber-Based Time-Domain Balanced Homodyne Detector for Quantum Communication
Wang, X., Bai, Z., Du, P.-Y., Li, Y., & Peng, K. (2012) · Chinese Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/0256-307x/29/12/124202 · Cited by 15
Quasistates and quasiprobabilities
Sperling, J., & Walmsley, I. A. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.98.042122 · Cited by 15
Advances in Quantum Communication and Information
Bulnes, F., Stavrou, V. N., Morozov, O., & Bourdine, A. V. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.82506 · Cited by 15
Evolution of quantum noise in the traveling-wave second-order [χ^(2)] nonlinear process
Li, R.-D., & Kumar, P. (1995) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.12.002310 · Cited by 15
State reconstruction in one-dimensional quantum mechanics: The continuous spectrum
Leonhardt, U., & Schneider, S. (1997) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.56.2549 · Cited by 15
On density matrix reconstruction from measured distributions
Paris, M. G. A. (1996) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(96)00019-3 · Cited by 15
Probability Distributions and Hilbert Spaces: Quantum and Classical Systems
Man’ko, V. I., & Marmo, G. (1999) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1238/physica.regular.060a00111 · Cited by 15
Non-classical states of the electromagnetic field in cavity QED
Lutterbach, L. G., & Davidovich, L. (1998) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.3.000147 · Cited by 16
Measuring the State of a Bosonic Two-Mode Quantum Field
Walser, R. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.4724 · Cited by 15
Wigner functions and quadrature distributions for quantum-oscillator states with random phase
Leonhardt, U., & Jex, I. (1994) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.49.r1555 · Cited by 15
SPIN TOMOGRAPHY AND STAR-PRODUCT KERNEL FOR QUBITS AND QUTRITSPreprint
Man’ko, V. I. (2013) · Cited by 15
Continuous variable quantum optical simulation for time evolution of quantum harmonic oscillators
Deng, X., Hao, S., Guo, H. M., Xie, C., & Su, X. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep22914 · Cited by 14
Error probability analysis in quantum tomography: A tool for evaluating experiments
Sugiyama, T., Turner, P. S., & Murao, M. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.83.012105 · Cited by 14
Man’ko, M. A. (2013) · Physica Scripta · doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2013/t153/014045 · Cited by 14
Readout of the spectral density of an environment from the dynamics of an open system
Xu, S., Shen, H. Z., Yi, X. X., & Wang, W. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.100.032108 · Cited by 14
Wigner distribution, nonclassicality and decoherence of generalized and reciprocal binomial states
Pathak, A., & Banerji, J. (2013) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2013.11.013 · Cited by 14
Self-consistent phase determination for Wigner function reconstruction
Bondani, M., Allevi, A., & Andreoni, A. (2010) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.27.000333 · Cited by 14
Photon number distributions from a diode laser
Roumpos, G., & Cundiff, S. T. (2013) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.38.000139 · Cited by 14
Strong squeezing in periodically modulated optical parametric oscillators
Adamyan, H. H., Bergou, J. A., Gevorgyan, N., & Kryuchkyan, G. Y. (2015) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.92.053818 · Cited by 14
Quantizer–dequantizer operators as a tool for formulating the quantization procedure
Andreev, V. A., Man’ko, M. A., & Man’ko, V. I. (2020) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2020.126349 · Cited by 14
López-Saldívar, J. A., Man’ko, M. A., & Man’ko, V. I. (2020) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e22050586 · Cited by 14
Squeezed States: Basic Principles
Knight, P. L., & Bužek, V. (2004) · Springer series on atomic, optical, and plasma physics · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09645-1_1 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Smithey, D. T., Beck, M., Raymer, M. G., & Faridani, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Oregon (US)
- Oregon State University (US)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 1993-03-01
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1244-1247
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059108078
- Cited by
- 1,538
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 76 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 51 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 70.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- optical homodyne tomography, Wigner function, density matrix, squeezed states, vacuum state, quantum state characterization, light mode
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
