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Cited by 226High-Energy Particle Collisions ResearchQuantum Chromodynamics and Particle InteractionsNuclear physics research studies

Azimuthal Anisotropy at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: The First and Fourth Harmonics

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Adams, J., Adler, C., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Anderson, M., Arkhipkin, D. +356 more·2004·Physical Review Letters
DOI 10.1103/physrevlett.92.062301
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Abstract

We report the first observations of the first harmonic (directed flow, v(1)) and the fourth harmonic (v(4)), in the azimuthal distribution of particles with respect to the reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Both measurements were done taking advantage of the large elliptic flow (v(2)) generated at RHIC. From the correlation of v(2) with v(1) it is determined that v(2) is positive, or in-plane. The integrated v(4) is about a factor of 10 smaller than v(2). For the sixth (v(6)) and eighth (v(8)) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.

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Crossref · 10.1103/physrevlett.92.062301

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  • The nuclear interaction should lead to a liquid-gas phase transition in nuclei.

    “For this reason is was suggested that the nuclear interaction should lead to a liquid-gas phase transition in nuclei[153].”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [153]

    The introduction (p. 2) discusses a possible change in matter compressibility if a quark-gluon plasma forms, not a liquid-gas phase transition in nuclei. The conclusions (p. 5) concern measured flow harmonics. Searches for “liquid-gas phase transition in nuclei” and “nuclear interaction liquid gas phase transition” found no passage addressing the cited claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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  • If the equation of state of nuclear matter is of the Van der Waals type, collision experiments may bring excited nuclei into the spinodal region of the phase diagram, in which spinodal instabilities towards phase separation would lead to fragmentation of nuclei.

    “This original work suggested that if the equation of state of nuclear matter is of the Van der Walls type, collision experiments may bring excited nuclei into the spinodal region of the phase diagram in which spinodal instabilities towards phase separation would lead to the spectacular fragmentation of nuclei.”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [153]

    Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 2 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

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  1. [20]N. Borghini, P.M. Dinh, and J.-Y. Ollitrault, Phys. Rev. C 64 , 054901 (2001); N. Borghini, P.M. Dinh, and J.Y. Ollitrault, nucl-ex/0110016. · arXiv

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Adams, J., Adler, C., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Amonett, J., Anderson, B. D., Anderson, M., Arkhipkin, D., Averichev, G. S., Badyal, S. K., Balewski, J., Barannikova, O., Barnby, L. S., Baudot, J., Bekele, S., Belaga, V. V., Bellwied, R., Berger, J., Bezverkhny, B. I., Bhardwaj, S., Bhaskar, P., Bhati, A. K., Bichsel, H., Billmeier, A., Bland, L. C., Blyth, C. O., Bonner, B. E., Botje, M., Boucham, A., Brandin, A., Bravar, A., Cadman, R. V., Cai, X. Z., Caines, H., Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M., Carroll, J., Castillo, J., Castro, M., Cebra, D., Chaloupka, P., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, H. F., Chen, Y., Chernenko, S. P., Cherney, M., Chikanian, A., Choi, B., Christie, W., Coffin, J. P., Cormier, T. M., Cramer, J. G., Crawford, H. J., Das, D., Das, S., Derevschikov, A. A., Didenko, L., Dietel, T., Dong, W. J., Dong, X., Draper, J. E., Du, F., Dubey, A. K., Dunin, V. B., Dunlop, J. C., Dutta Majumdar, M. R., Eckardt, V., Efimov, L. G., Emelianov, V., Engelage, J., Eppley, G., Erazmus, B., Estienne, M., Fachini, P., Faine, V., Faivre, J., Fatemi, R., Filimonov, K., Filip, P., Finch, E., Fisyak, Y., Flierl, D., Foley, K. J., Fu, J., Gagliardi, C. A., Gagunashvili, N., Gans, J., Ganti, M. S., Gaudichet, L., Germain, M., Geurts, F., Ghazikhanian, V., Ghosh, P., Gonzalez, J. E., Grachov, O., Grigoriev, V., Gronstal, S., Grosnick, D., Guedon, M., Guertin, S. M., Gupta, A., Gushin, E., Gutierrez, T. D., Hallman, T. J., Hardtke, D., Harris, J. W., Heinz, M., Henry, T. W., Heppelmann, S., Herston, T., Hippolyte, B., Hirsch, A., Hjort, E., Hoffmann, G. W., Horsley, M., Huang, H. Z., Huang, S. L., Humanic, T. J., Igo, G., Ishihara, A., Jacobs, P., Jacobs, W. W., Janik, M., Jiang, H., Johnson, I., Jones, P. G., Judd, E. G., Kabana, S., Kaneta, M., Kaplan, M., Keane, D., Khodyrev, V. Y., Kiryluk, J., Kisiel, A., Klay, J., Klein, S. R., Klyachko, A., Koetke, D. D., Kollegger, T., Kopytine, M., Kotchenda, L., Kovalenko, A. D., Kramer, M., Kravtsov, P., Kravtsov, V. I., Krueger, K., Kuhn, C., Kulikov, A. I., Kumar, A., Kunde, G. J., Kunz, C. L., Kutuev, R. K., Kuznetsov, A. A., Lamont, M. A. C., Landgraf, J. M., Lange, S., Lansdell, C. P., Lasiuk, B., Laue, F., Lauret, J., Lebedev, A., Lednický, R., LeVine, M. J., Li, C., Li, Q., Lindenbaum, S. J., Lisa, M. A., Liu, F., Liu, L., Liu, Z., Liu, Q. J., Ljubicic, T., Llope, W. J., Long, H., Longacre, R. S., Lopez-Noriega, M., Love, W. A., Ludlam, T., Lynn, D., Ma, J., Ma, Y. G., Magestro, D., Mahajan, S., Mangotra, L. K., Mahapatra, D. P., Majka, R., Manweiler, R., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Martin, L., Marx, J., Matis, H. S., Matulenko, Y. A., McShane, T. S., Meissner, F., Melnick, Y., Meschanin, A., Messer, M., Miller, M. L., Milosevich, Z., Minaev, N. G., Mironov, C., Mishra, D., Mitchell, J., Mohanty, B., Molnar, L., Moore, C. F., Mora-Corral, M. J., Morozov, D. A., Morozov, V., de Moura, M. M., Munhoz, M. G., Nandi, B. K., Nayak, S. K., Nayak, T. K., Nelson, J. M., Nevski, P., Nikitin, V. A., Nogach, L. V., Norman, B., Nurushev, S. B., Odyniec, G., Ogawa, A., Okorokov, V., Oldenburg, M., Olson, D., Paic, G., Pandey, S. U., Pal, S. K., Panebratsev, Y., Panitkin, S. Y., Pavlinov, A. I., Pawlak, T., Perevoztchikov, V., Perkins, C., Peryt, W., Petrov, V. A., Phatak, S. C., Picha, R., Planinic, M., Pluta, J., Porile, N., Porter, J., Poskanzer, A. M., Potekhin, M., Potrebenikova, E., Potukuchi, B. V. K. S., Prindle, D., Pruneau, C., Putschke, J., Rai, G., Rakness, G., Raniwala, R., Raniwala, S., Ravel, O., Ray, R. L., Razin, S. V., Reichhold, D., Reid, J. G., Renault, G., Retiere, F., Ridiger, A., Ritter, H. G., Roberts, J. B., Rogachevski, O. V., Romero, J. L., Rose, A., Roy, C., Ruan, L. J., Sahoo, R., Sakrejda, I., Salur, S., Sandweiss, J., Savin, I., Schambach, J., Scharenberg, R. P., Schmitz, N., Schroeder, L. S., Schweda, K., Seger, J., Seliverstov, D., Seyboth, P., Shahaliev, E., Shao, M., Sharma, M., Shestermanov, K. E., Shimanskii, S. S., Singaraju, R. N., Simon, F., Skoro, G., Smirnov, N., Snellings, R., Sood, G., Sorensen, P., Sowinski, J., Spinka, H. M., Srivastava, B., Stanislaus, S., Stock, R., Stolpovsky, A., Strikhanov, M., Stringfellow, B., Struck, C., Suaide, A. A. P., Sugarbaker, E., Suire, C., Šumbera, M., Surrow, B., Symons, T. J. M., Szanto de Toledo, A., Szarwas, P., Tai, A., Takahashi, J., Tang, A. H., Thein, D., Thomas, J. H., Tikhomirov, V., Tokarev, M., Tonjes, M. B., Trainor, T. A., Trentalange, S., Tribble, R. E., Trivedi, M. D., Trofimov, V., Tsai, O., Ullrich, T., Underwood, D. G., Van Buren, G., VanderMolen, A. M., Vasiliev, A. N., Vasiliev, M., Vigdor, S. E., Viyogi, Y. P., Voloshin, S. A., Waggoner, W., Wang, F., Wang, G., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z. M., Ward, H., Watson, J. W., Wells, R., Westfall, G. D., Whitten, C., Wieman, H., Willson, R., Wissink, S. W., Witt, R., Wood, J., Wu, J., Xu, N., Xu, Z., Xu, Z. Z., Yamamoto, E., Yepes, P., Yurevich, V. I., Zanevski, Y. V., Zborovský, I., Zhang, H., Zhang, W. M., Zhang, Z. P., Żołnierczuk, P. A., Zoulkarneev, R., Zoulkarneeva, J., & Zubarev, A. N.
Affiliations
  • University of Birmingham (GB)
  • Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
  • Panjab University (IN)
  • Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (IN)
  • Kent State University (US)
  • University of California, Davis (US)
  • Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (RU)
  • University of Jammu (IN)
  • Indiana University Bloomington (US)
  • Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
  • The Ohio State University (US)
  • Wayne State University (US)
  • Yale University (US)
  • University of Rajasthan (IN)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
  • Rice University (US)
  • National Institute for Subatomic Physics (NL)
  • Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées (FR)
  • National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (RU)
  • Argonne National Laboratory (US)
  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
  • Czech Academy of Sciences, Nuclear Physics Institute (CZ)
  • University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Creighton University (US)
  • The University of Texas at Austin (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
  • Institute for High Energy Physics (RU)
  • Institute of Physics, Bhubaneshwar (IN)
  • Max Planck Institute for Physics (DE)
  • Central China Normal University (CN)
  • Texas A&M University (US)
  • Valparaiso University (US)
  • Pennsylvania State University (US)
  • Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
  • Carnegie Mellon University (US)
  • City College of New York (US)
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
  • Michigan State University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Physical Review Letters
Publisher
American Physical Society (APS)
Published
2004-02-12
Volume
92
Issue
6
Pages
062301-062301
ISSN
  • 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
  • 1079-7114
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.92.062301
OpenAlex
W2027914744
Cited by
226
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
FWCI
14.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license (vor)
Locations
  • Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • DigitalCommons - CalPoly (California State Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
  • Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System) (submittedVersion)
  • High-Energy Physics Literature Database (CERN, DESY, Fermilab, IHEP, and SLAC) (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
  • OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries) (submittedVersion)
  • Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Nuclear physics research studies
Keywords
azimuthal anisotropy, elliptic flow, directed flow, Au+Au collisions, heavy-ion collisions, reaction plane, flow harmonics, quark-gluon plasma, RHIC

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