Generation of Large Numbers of Independently Transformed Fertile Barley Plants
Open accessAbstract
A rapid, efficient, and reproducible system to generate large numbers of independently transformed, self-fertile, transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants is described. Immature zygotic embryos, young callus, and microspore-derived embryos were bombarded with a plasmid containing bar and uidA either alone or in combination with another plasmid containing a barley yellow dwarf virus coat protein (BYDVcp) gene. A total of 91 independent bialaphos-resistant callus lines expressed functional phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, the product of bar. Integration of bar was confirmed by DNA hybridization in the 67 lines analyzed. Co-transformation frequencies of 84 and 85% were determined for the two linked genes (bar and uidA) and for two unlinked genes (bar and the BYDVcp gene), respectively. More than 500 green, fertile, transgenic plants were regenerated from 36 transformed callus lines on bialaphos-containing medium; albino plants only were regenerated from 41 lines. T0 plants in 25 lines (three plants per line) were analyzed by DNA hybridization, and all contained bar. Most contained the same integration patterns for the introduced genes (bar, uidA, and the BYDVcp gene) as their parental callus lines. Transmission of the genes to T1 progeny was confirmed in the five families analyzed by DNA hybridization. A germination test of immature T1 embryos on bialaphos-containing medium was useful for selecting individuals that were actively expressing bar, although this was not a good indicator of the presence or absence of bar. Expression of bar in some progeny plants was indicated by resistance to the herbicide Basta. The T1 plants were in soil approximately 7 months after bombardment of the immature embryo.
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“Stable transformation of barley from immature embryos, microspore-derived embryos, and callus from young embryos was first reported by Wan and Lemaux (1994).”
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- Authors
- Wan, Y., & Lemaux, P. G.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- ORCID
- Lemaux, P. G.
- Venue
- Plant Physiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1994-01-01
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-48
- ISSN
- 0032-0889 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2548
- PMC
- PMC159160
- OpenAlex
- W1597993741
- Cited by
- 465
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 13.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Keywords
- barley, transgenic plants, particle bombardment, immature zygotic embryos, callus transformation, microspore-derived embryos, bar gene, uidA gene, bialaphos resistance, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, co-transformation, gene integration, transgene transmission, plant regeneration, herbicide resistance
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