Lignin Formation in Plants. The Dilemma of Linkage Specificity
Abstract
Lignification is the process of forming the collective of phenylpropanoid macromolecules termed lignin. There are two ways to define lignin: 1) from a chemical point of view (i.e. its chemical composition and structure), and 2) from a functional view that stresses what lignin does within the plant. It has been recognized for 50 years now that lignin is a polymeric material composed of phenylpropanoid units derived from three cinnamyl alcohols (monolignols): p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols (Fig. 1). It was suspected that this view might be too simplistic (Sarkanen and Ludwig, 1971), and there are now many examples showing that other phenolics can be incorporated into lignins (for review, see Sederoff et al., 1999). From a functional point of view, lignins impart strength to cell walls, facilitate water transport, and impede the degradation of wall polysaccharides, thus acting as a major line of defense against pathogens, insects, and other herbivores.
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Expansins are cell wall-loosening proteins affecting cell expansion in plants and are involved in root development.
“Expansins are known as cell wall-loosening proteins affecting cell expansion in plants and were shown to be involved in root development [[30] and references therein].”
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- Authors
- Hatfield, R., & Vermerris, W.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Venue
- Plant Physiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-08-01
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1351-1357
- ISSN
- 0032-0889 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-2548
- OpenAlex
- W2062759615
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant Gene Expression Analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Keywords
- lignin biosynthesis, monolignols, dirigent proteins, coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, p-coumaryl alcohol
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Carbohydrate Conformation, Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, Lignin, Models, Molecular, Plants
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