The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multiple Avirulence Paralogues in Cereal Powdery Mildew Fungi May Contribute to Parasite Fitness and Defeat of Plant Resistance
Open accessAbstract
Powdery mildews, obligate biotrophic fungal parasites on a wide range of important crops, can be controlled by plant resistance (R) genes, but these are rapidly overcome by parasite mutants evading recognition. It is unknown how this rapid evolution occurs without apparent loss of parasite fitness. R proteins recognize avirulence (AVR) molecules from parasites in a gene-for-gene manner and trigger defense responses. We identify AVR(a10) and AVR(k1) of barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f sp hordei (Bgh), and show that they induce both cell death and inaccessibility when transiently expressed in Mla10 and Mlk1 barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties, respectively. In contrast with other reported fungal AVR genes, AVR(a10) and AVR(k1) encode proteins that lack secretion signal peptides and enhance infection success on susceptible host plant cells. AVR(a10) and AVR(k1) belong to a large family with >30 paralogues in the genome of Bgh, and homologous sequences are present in other formae speciales of the fungus infecting other grasses. Our findings imply that the mildew fungus has a repertoire of AVR genes, which may function as effectors and contribute to parasite virulence. Multiple copies of related but distinct AVR effector paralogues might enable populations of Bgh to rapidly overcome host R genes while maintaining virulence.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E., & Maniatis, T. (1989) · UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud · Cited by 133,589
Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual
Deininger, P. (1990) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(90)90595-z · Cited by 84,682
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs
Altschul, S. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389 · Cited by 73,302
AFLP: a new technique for DNA fingerprinting
Vos, P., Hogers, R., Bleeker, M., Reijans, M., Lee, T. V. D., Hornes, M., Friters, A., Pot, J., Paleman, J., Kuiper, M., et al. (1995) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/23.21.4407 · Cited by 12,401
MUSCLE: a multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity
Edgar, R. C. (2004) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/1471-2105-5-113 · Cited by 8,970
Current Status of the Gene-For-Gene Concept
Flor, H. H. (1971) · Annual Review of Phytopathology · doi:10.1146/annurev.py.09.090171.001423 · Cited by 3,185
Aerial Dispersal of Pathogens on the Global and Continental Scales and Its Impact on Plant Disease
Brown, J. K. M., & Hovmøller, M. S. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072678 · Cited by 1,159
Self-citationDirect interaction of resistance gene and avirulence gene products confers rice blast resistance
Jia, Y., McAdams, S. A., Bryan, G. T., Hershey, H. P., & Valent, B. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.15.4004 · Cited by 1,151
Targeting Malaria Virulence and Remodeling Proteins to the Host Erythrocyte
Marti, M., Good, R. T., Rug, M., Knuepfer, E., & Cowman, A. F. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1102452 · Cited by 895
TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM EFFECTOR PROTEINS: Double Agents in Bacterial Disease and Plant Defense
Alfano, J. R., & Collmer, A. (2004) · Annual Review of Phytopathology · doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.42.040103.110731 · Cited by 806
Cited by
The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology
DEAN, R., VAN KAN, J. A. L., PRETORIUS, Z. A., HAMMOND‐KOSACK, K. E., DI PIETRO, A., SPANU, P. D., RUDD, J. J., DICKMAN, M., KAHMANN, R., ELLIS, J., et al. (2012) · Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00783.x · Cited by 4,692
Fungal Effectors and Plant Susceptibility
Lo Presti, L., Lanver, D., Schweizer, G., Tanaka, S., Liang, L., Tollot, M., Zuccaro, A., Reissmann, S., & Kahmann, R. (2015) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114623 · Cited by 1,249
Thirty years of resistance: Zig-zag through the plant immune system
Ngou, B. P. M., Ding, P., & Jones, J. D. G. (2022) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1093/plcell/koac041 · Cited by 961
Self-citationShen, Q.-H., Saijo, Y., Mauch, S., Biskup, C., Bieri, S., Keller, B., Seki, H., Ülker, B., Somssich, I. E., & Schulze-Lefert, P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1136372 · Cited by 751
Cell Wall–Associated Mechanisms of Disease Resistance and Susceptibility
Hückelhoven, R. (2007) · Annual Review of Phytopathology · doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094325 · Cited by 628
Metadata
- Authors
- Ridout, C. J., Skamnioti, P., Porritt, O., Sacristan, S., Jones, J. D. G., & Brown, J. K. M.
- Venue
- The Plant Cell
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-08-11
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2402-2414
- ISSN
- 1040-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-298X
- OpenAlex
- W2104657603
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 25.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Multiple Avirulence Paralogues in Cereal Powdery Mildew Fungi May Contribute to Parasite Fitness and Defeat of Plant Resistance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1105/tpc.106.043307
- The paper
- Ridout, C. J., Skamnioti, P., Porritt, O., Sacristan, S., Jones, J. D. G., & Brown, J. K. M. (2006). Multiple Avirulence Paralogues in Cereal Powdery Mildew Fungi May Contribute to Parasite Fitness and Defeat of Plant Resistance. The Plant Cell. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.043307
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
