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Association Genetics Reveals Three Novel Avirulence Genes from the Rice Blast Fungal Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
Open accessAbstract
To subvert rice (Oryza sativa) host defenses, the devastating ascomycete fungus pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae produces a battery of effector molecules, including some with avirulence (AVR) activity, which are recognized by host resistance (R) proteins resulting in rapid and effective activation of innate immunity. To isolate novel avirulence genes from M. oryzae, we examined DNA polymorphisms of secreted protein genes predicted from the genome sequence of isolate 70-15 and looked for an association with AVR activity. This large-scale study found significantly more presence/absence polymorphisms than nucleotide polymorphisms among 1032 putative secreted protein genes. Nucleotide diversity of M. oryzae among 46 isolates of a worldwide collection was extremely low (θ = 8.2 × 10−5), suggestive of recent pathogen dispersal. However, no association between DNA polymorphism and AVR was identified. Therefore, we used genome resequencing of Ina168, an M. oryzae isolate that contains nine AVR genes. Remarkably, a total of 1.68 Mb regions, comprising 316 candidate effector genes, were present in Ina168 but absent in the assembled sequence of isolate 70-15. Association analyses of these 316 genes revealed three novel AVR genes, AVR-Pia, AVR-Pii, and AVR-Pik/km/kp, corresponding to five previously known AVR genes, whose products are recognized inside rice cells possessing the cognate R genes. AVR-Pia and AVR-Pii have evolved by gene gain/loss processes, whereas AVR-Pik/km/kp has evolved by nucleotide substitutions and gene gain/loss.
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Evolution of Protein Molecules
JUKES, T. H., & CANTOR, C. R. (1969) · Mammalian Protein Metabolism · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-3211-9.50009-7 · Cited by 11,032
A Diarylquinoline Drug Active on the ATP Synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Andries, K., Verhasselt, P., Guillemont, J., Göhlmann, H. W. H., Neefs, J.-M., Winkler, H., Van Gestel, J., Timmerman, P., Zhu, M., Lee, E., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106753 · Cited by 2,191
Cited by
Park, C.-H., Chen, S., Shirsekar, G., Zhou, B., Khang, C. H., Songkumarn, P., Afzal, A. J., Ning, Y., Wang, R., Bellizzi, M., et al. (2012) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.112.105429 · Cited by 585
Cesari, S., Thilliez, G., Ribot, C., Chalvon, V., Michel, C., Jauneau, A., Rivas, S., Alaux, L., Kanzaki, H., Okuyama, Y., et al. (2013) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.112.107201 · Cited by 559
Self-citationFilamentous plant pathogen effectors in action
Giraldo, M. C., & Valent, B. (2013) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3119 · Cited by 498
Giraldo, M. C., Dagdas, Y. F., Gupta, Y. K., Mentlak, T. A., Yi, M., Martinez-Rocha, A. L., Saitoh, H., Terauchi, R., Talbot, N. J., & Valent, B. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2996 · Cited by 424
Self-citationMultiple Rice MicroRNAs Are Involved in Immunity against the Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Li, Y., Lu, Y.-G., Shi, Y., Wu, L., Xu, Y.-J., Huang, F., Guo, X.-Y., Zhang, Y., Fan, J., Zhao, J.-Q., et al. (2014) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.113.230052 · Cited by 383
Metadata
- Authors
- Yoshida, K., Saitoh, H., Fujisawa, S., Kanzaki, H., Matsumura, H., Yoshida, K., Tosa, Y., Chuma, I., Takano, Y., Win, J., Kamoun, S., & Terauchi, R.
- Venue
- The Plant Cell
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-05-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1573-1591
- ISSN
- 1040-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-298X
- OpenAlex
- W2157502333
- Cited by
- 439
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 27.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- Yoshida, K., Saitoh, H., Fujisawa, S., Kanzaki, H., Matsumura, H., Yoshida, K., Tosa, Y., Chuma, I., Takano, Y., Win, J., Kamoun, S., & Terauchi, R. (2009). Association Genetics Reveals Three Novel Avirulence Genes from the Rice Blast Fungal Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The Plant Cell. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.066324
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