Evaluation of critical success factors (CSFs) to lean implementation in SMEs using AHP: A case study
Abstract
Purpose: In an attempt to promote the implementation of lean in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), the purpose of this paper is to determine and to evaluate success factors critical to the implementation of lean in SMEs. This will help SMEs to redirect and stepwise strategies for implementing lean and overcome the financial and technical limitations that are hindering smaller companies to address a large set of factors at the same time. Design/methodology/approach: This research proposes the use of a two-phase research methodology. First, 28 critical success factors (CSFs) were identified and grouped into five categories: policy, leadership and management, funding, technic and process, culture, humans and competencies, market, customers and suppliers and understanding, methodology and implementation. Second, a structural model based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was proposed to prioritize the identified CSFs. A practical case study is conducted in a small automotive supplier to validate the proposed model, take inputs and solve the problem under study. Findings: The results show that CSFs related to “Policy, leadership and management” are found to be the most significant for SMEs to successfully implement lean production. This is followed closely by CSFs from the category of “Understanding, methodology and implementation”. CSFs of “Culture, humans and competencies” and “Funding, technique and process” are the third and fourth prominent categories. At the end of the priority list come CSFs of “Market, customers and suppliers”. Originality/value: The present study has a twofold contribution that complete the existing literature. First, the study is focused on small companies which have not received sufficient attention. Second, it provides a more accurate, effective and systematic decision support tool for selecting the most prominent CSFs to redirect lean efforts in SMEs in a stepwise manner.
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Large firms in developing countries are more likely to implement lean manufacturing successfully than SMEs.
“Large firms in developing countries are more likely to implement LM successfullythanSMEs(Marodin etal. ,2016;Belhadi etal. ,2019).”
From A systematic literature review of lean manufacturing implementation in manufacturing-based sectors of the developing and developed countries (2022) · cites this paper as Belhadi et al., 2019
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Matindana, J. M., Sinkamba, F. D., & Mgwatu, M. I. (2025) · Engineering Reports · doi:10.1002/eng2.70414 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Corredor-Rojas, M., Álvarez‐Martínez, D., & Torres, J. F. (2025) · International Journal of Lean Six Sigma · doi:10.1108/ijlss-11-2022-0231 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lean and continuous improvement use and success in energy-based utilities
Jensen, P. H., Cross, J., & Polanco-Lahoz, D. A. (2025) · International Journal of Lean Six Sigma · doi:10.1108/ijlss-03-2024-0053 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Abadi, S., Gumanti, M., Susianto, D., & Ariningrum, H. (2023) · MALCOM Indonesian Journal of Machine Learning and Computer Science · doi:10.57152/malcom.v3i2.946 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Barriers to Lean Manufacturing implementation for manufacturing industries in Tanzania
Sinkamba, F. D., Matindana, J. M., & Mgwatu, M. (2026) · International Journal of Lean Six Sigma · doi:10.1108/ijlss-02-2024-0022 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Empirical Assessment of Lean Readiness in Pharmaceutical Component Manufacturing SMEs
Mukherjee, S., Batwara, A., & Sharma, V. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Logistics · doi:10.4018/ijal.349991 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluation as a Tool to Increase the Competitiveness and Economic Development of SMEs
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EVALUATING THE MULTIFACETED ADVANTAGES OF LEAN PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN SMES: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
Said, H., & Aktaş, B. N. (2024) · International Review of Economics and Management · doi:10.18825/iremjournal.1556638 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Adoption of Lean by AgriTech Companies in Ireland
O'Donoghue, K., Woods, B., Morrissey, S., & Walsh, J. (2023) · IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) · doi:10.1109/istas57930.2023.10306180 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Macroergonomic Approach in Development of Lean Six Sigma
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WITHDRAWN: Lean in startups: Advances and futuristic research directions
Sreenivasan, A., & Suresh, M. (2021) · Materials Today Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.10.264
RetractedSustainable Business Excellence in SMEs: Opportunities and Challenges
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An S-SMILE model for achieving performance in manufacturing industry
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National programmes for implementing lean in organisations
Andersson, K., Lundkvist, A. H., Lindskog, P., Barth, H., Melín, M., Ståhl, J., & Eklund, J. A. E. (2026) · International Journal of Lean Six Sigma · doi:10.1108/ijlss-01-2025-0014
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- Authors
- Belhadi, A., Touriki, F. E., & Elfezazi, S.
- Affiliations
- Cadi Ayyad University (MA)
- Venue
- International Journal of Lean Six Sigma
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2019-08-16
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 803-829
- ISSN
- 2040-4166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2897363625
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 10.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Lean Six Sigma (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Quality and Supply Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Management and Optimization Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Keywords
- lean manufacturing, small and medium-sized enterprises, success factors, lean implementation, analytic hierarchy process, leadership and management, organizational culture, automotive suppliers, decision support system, implementation prioritization
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