Noninvasive pulse oximetry utilizing skin reflectance photoplethysmography
Abstract
The major concern in developing a sensor for reflectance pulse oximetry is the ability to measure large and stable photoplethysmograms from light which is backscattered from the skin. Utilizing a prototype optical reflectance sensor, locally heating the skin is shown to increase the pulsatile component of the reflected photoplethysmograms. Additional improvements to signal-to-noise ratio were achieved by increasing the active area of the photodetector and optimizing the separation distance between the light source and photodetector. The results from a series of in vivo studies to evaluate a prototype skin-reflectance pulse oximeter in humans are presented.>
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It may be difficult to obtain PPG signals of sufficiently large amplitude for SpO2 assessment.
“it may be difficult to obtain PPG signals of sufficiently large amplitude”
From Wearable Photoplethysmography for Cardiovascular Monitoring (2022) · cites this paper as [141]
Ancestry descriptors were used in 11 studies (29.73%).
“On the other hand, ancestry descriptors were used in 11 studies (29.73%) [17,21,23,24,41,51,53,61,75,82,93]”
From Skin pigmentation influence on pulse oximetry accuracy: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [21]
Mendelson et al. found that relative amplitude of the AC component to the entire signal (AC + DC) increased as LED/photodiode spacing increased from 4 to 11 mm, although no statistical analyses were presented.
“It was found that relative amplitude of the AC component to the entire signal (AC + DC) increased as LED/photodiode spacing increased from 4 to 11 mm, although no statistical analyses were presented.”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
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References 9 · Cited by 251
- Authors
- Mendelson, Y., & Ochs, B. D.
- Affiliations
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Mendelson, Y.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 1988-10
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 798-805
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2531
- OpenAlex
- W2050755789
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Bioengineering › Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Keywords
- pulse oximetry, photoplethysmogram, skin heating, signal-to-noise ratio, in vivo validation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Equipment Design, Female, Hot Temperature, Humans, Light, Male, Oximetry, Oxygen, Plethysmography, Skin Temperature
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