Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,824

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Development and application of a metric on semantic nets

Rada, R., Mili, H., Bicknell, E., Blettner, M.·1989·IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics

Abstract

Motivated by the properties of spreading activation and conceptual distance, the authors propose a metric, called distance, on the power set of nodes in a semantic net. Distance is the average minimum path length over all pairwise combinations of nodes between two subsets of nodes. Distance can be successfully used to assess the conceptual distance between sets of concepts when used on a semantic net of hierarchical relations. When other kinds of relationships, like 'cause', are used, distance must be amended but then can again be effective. The judgements of distance significantly correlate with the distance judgements that people make and help to determine whether one semantic net is better or worse than another. The authors focus on the mathematical characteristics of distance that presents novel cases and interpretations. Experiments in which distance is applied to pairs of concepts and to sets of concepts in a hierarchical knowledge base show the power of hierarchical relations in representing information about the conceptual distance between concepts.>

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/21.24528

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 44

  1. 10.1145/358315.358322 · doi:10.1145/358315.358322
  2. 10.1016/0010-4809(87)90057-7 · DOI
  3. 10.1002/asi.4630310310 · doi:10.1002/asi.4630310310
  4. aho, 1974, The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms
  5. rada, 1987, The Role of Language in Problem Solving II, 2, 71
  6. 10.1037/h0036351 · DOI · Paper page
  7. siegel, 1956, Nonparametric Statistics
  8. 10.1109/TSMC.1986.4308997 · DOI
  9. library, 1980, Inform Assoc Council Guidelines for Thesaurus Structure Construction and Use
  10. backus, 1987, Searching for patterns in the Mesh vocabulary, Bull Med Lib Assoc, 75, 221
  11. 10.1037/0033-295X.84.4.327 · DOI · Paper page
  12. 10.1109/TPAMI.1985.4767700 · doi:10.1109/tpami.1985.4767700
  13. 10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1145/4284.4285 · DOI · Paper page
  15. hoede, 1986, Similarity in knowledge graphs
  16. 10.1109/MS.1987.229789 · DOI
  17. rumelhart, 1983, Representation in Memory
  18. 10.1109/MC.1983.1654194 · DOI · Paper page
  19. 10.1207/s15516709cog0904_3 · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0904_3
  20. 10.1002/int.4550010105 · DOI
  21. buchanan, 1985, Learning immediate concepts in constructing a hiearchical knowledge based, Proc 9th Int Joint Conf Artificial Intell, 659
  22. 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1956.tb03835.x · DOI · Paper page
  23. 10.1109/TSMC.1987.289332 · doi:10.1109/tsmc.1987.289332
  24. 10.1207/s15516709cog0902_1 · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0902_1 · Paper page
  25. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(198909)40:5<304::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-6 · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(198909)40:5<304::aid-asi2>3.0.co;2-6
  26. 10.1109/TSMC.1986.289281 · DOI
  27. touretzky, 1984, The Mathematics of Inheritance Systems
  28. 10.1109/TSMC.1986.4308996 · doi:10.1109/tsmc.1986.4308996
  29. 10.1109/TPAMI.1984.4767511 · DOI
  30. reingold, 1977, Combinatorial Algorithms
  31. 10.1109/34.3883 · doi:10.1109/34.3883
  32. 10.1109/TSMC.1984.6313232 · DOI · Paper page
  33. forsyth, 1986, Machine Learning Applications in Expert Systems and Information Retrieval
  34. pollitt, 1986, Itelligent Information Systems Progress and Prospects, 82
  35. salton, 1983, Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval
  36. 10.1016/0306-4573(85)90002-0 · doi:10.1016/0306-4573(85)90002-0
  37. holland, 1986, Induction Process of Inference Learning and Discovery
  38. 10.1145/7902.7906 · DOI · Paper page
  39. lester, 1987, A method of medical knowledge base augmentation, Methods of Inform Med, 26, 31, 10.1055/s-0038-1635480 · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1635480
  40. fox, 1983, Extending the Boolean and vector space models of information retrieval with p-norm queries and multiple concept types
  41. 10.1207/s15516709cog0902_3 · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0902_3
  42. quillian, 1968, Semantic Information Processing
  43. 10.1016/S0022-5371(83)90273-6 · DOI · Paper page
  44. 10.1037/0033-295X.86.3.161 · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.86.3.161 · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,824

Metadata

Authors
Rada, R., Mili, H., Bicknell, E., & Blettner, M.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics
Published
1989
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
17-30
ISSN
0018-9472 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2087739686
Cited by
1,824
References
0
FWCI
7.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development and application of a metric on semantic nets. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/21.24528
The paper
Rada, R., Mili, H., Bicknell, E., & Blettner, M. (1989). Development and application of a metric on semantic nets. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. https://doi.org/10.1109/21.24528

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.