The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying
Abstract
Modern computer networks make it possible to distribute documents quickly and economically by electronic means rather than by conventional paper means. However, the widespread adoption of electronic distribution of copyrighted material is currently impeded by the ease of unauthorized copying and dissemination. In this paper we propose techniques that discourage unauthorized distribution by embedding each document with a unique codeword. Our encoding techniques are indiscernible by readers, yet enable us to identify the sanctioned recipient of a document by examination of a recovered document. We propose three coding methods, describe one in detail, and present experimental results showing that our identification techniques are highly reliable, even after documents have been photocopied.>
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Cites
Brinkmann, K.-D. (1991) · Police Research in the Federal Republic of Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-74176-0_23 · Cited by 2,389
The document spectrum for page layout analysis
O’Gorman, L. (1993) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.244677 · Cited by 677
Self-citation(1994) · Series in machine perception and artificial intelligence · doi:10.1142/9789812797797 · Cited by 308
Baird, H. S. (1992) · Structured Document Image Analysis · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-77281-8_26 · Cited by 285
Copyright protection for electronic publishing over computer networks
Choudhury, A. K., Maxemchuk, N. F., Paul, S., & Schulzrinne, H. G. (1995) · IEEE Network · doi:10.1109/65.386048 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Cited by
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
Cox, I. J., Kilian, J., Leighton, F. T., & Shamoon, T. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/83.650120 · Cited by 5,299
Hidden digital watermarks in images
Hsu, C.-T., & Wu, J.-L. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/83.736686 · Cited by 855
Copy detection mechanisms for digital documents
Brin, S., Davis, J., & García-Molina, H. (1995) · Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data - SIGMOD '95 · doi:10.1145/223784.223855 · Cited by 479
The Science of Detecting LLM-Generated Text
Tang, R., Chuang, Y.-N., & Hu, X. (2024) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3624725 · Cited by 125
Adversarial Paraphrasing: A Universal Attack for Humanizing AI-Generated Text
Cheng, Y., Sadasivan, V. S., Saberi, M., Saha, S., & Feizi, S. (2025) · Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 38 · doi:10.52202/085713-1588 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Brassil, J. T., Low, S., Maxemchuk, N. F., & O'Gorman, L.
- Venue
- IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1495-1504
- ISSN
- 0733-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146170623
- Cited by
- 369
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 13.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Brassil, J. T., Low, S., Maxemchuk, N. F., & O'Gorman, L. (1995). Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/49.464718
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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