The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
Abstract
This paper presents a secure (tamper-resistant) algorithm for watermarking images, and a methodology for digital watermarking that may be generalized to audio, video, and multimedia data. We advocate that a watermark should be constructed as an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian random vector that is imperceptibly inserted in a spread-spectrum-like fashion into the perceptually most significant spectral components of the data. We argue that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations (such as lossy compression, filtering, digital-analog and analog-digital conversion, requantization, etc.), and common geometric transformations (such as cropping, scaling, translation, and rotation) provided that the original image is available and that it can be successfully registered against the transformed watermarked image. In these cases, the watermark detector unambiguously identifies the owner. Further, the use of Gaussian noise, ensures strong resilience to multiple-document, or collusional, attacks. Experimental results are provided to support these claims, along with an exposition of pending open problems.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1983) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/357980.358017 · Cited by 13,012
Huber, P. J. (1981) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471725250 · Cited by 7,066
Vector Quantization and Signal Compression
Gersho, A., & Gray, R. M. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3626-0 · Cited by 7,055
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-0357 · Cited by 3,032
Theory of Spread-Spectrum Communications - A Tutorial
Pickholtz, R. L., Schilling, D. L., & Milstein, L. B. (1982) · IEEE Transactions on Communications · doi:10.1109/tcom.1982.1095533 · Cited by 1,376
van Schyndel, R. G., Tirkel, A. Z., & Osborne, C. F. (2002) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.1994.413536 · Cited by 1,139
Jähne, B. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-21817-4 · Cited by 1,139
Collusion-secure fingerprinting for digital data
Boneh, D., & Shaw, J. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/18.705568 · Cited by 980
Signal compression based on models of human perception
Jayant, N. S., Johnston, J. D., & Safranek, R. J. (1993) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.241504 · Cited by 790
Spread-Spectrum Communications
Ellersick, F., Schilling, D. L., Cook, C. E., et al. (1983) · Encyclopedia of Wireless and Mobile Communications · doi:10.1081/e-ewmc2-120043935 · Cited by 679
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- kilian, 0, Resistance of watermarked documents to collusional attacks
- braudaway, 1996, Color correct digital watermarking of images
- adelson, 1990, Digital signal encoding and decoding apparatus
- schreiber, 1991, Receiver-compatible enhanced definition television system
- rhoads, 1995, Indentification/authentication coding method and apparatus
- turner, 1989, Digital data security system
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,901–3,000 of 5,299
A Novel Copyright Protection Scheme Using Visual Cryptography
Nag, A., Singh, J. P., Biswas, S., et al. (2011) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22714-1_63 · Cited by 4
A New Chromatic Color Image Watermarking and Its PCA-Based Implementation
Hien, T. D., Nakao, Z., Miyara, K., et al. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11785231_82 · Cited by 4
Research of digital watermarking based on wavelet transform
Jinyu, G., Mei, R., & Wenying, Z. (2010) · doi:10.1109/iccae.2010.5451798 · Cited by 4
Sender verification system for official documents based on watermarking technique
Garcia-Soto, R., Hernandez-Anaya, S., Nakano-Miyatake, M., et al. (2013) · International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE) · doi:10.1109/iceee.2013.6676011 · Cited by 4
FPGA implementation of a fast pipeline architecture for JND computation
Liu, S., Liu, Z., & Huang, H. (2012) · International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP) · doi:10.1109/cisp.2012.6469995 · Cited by 4
Digital watermarking algorithm based on Kalman filtering and image fusion
Zhang, F., Zhang, X., & Shang, D. (2011) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-011-0656-9 · Cited by 4
Lee, M.-T., Chang, H.-T., & Wang, M.-L. (2009) · International Symposium on Pervasive Systems, Algorithms, and Networks · doi:10.1109/i-span.2009.53 · Cited by 4
A Novel Approach for Securing Forensic Documents Using Rectangular Region-of-Interest (RROI)
Yadav, N., Pahal, N., Kalra, P. K., et al. (2011) · International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology · doi:10.1109/eait.2011.67 · Cited by 4
From digital audiobook to secure digital multimedia-book
Egidi, L., & Furini, M. (2006) · Computers in entertainment · doi:10.1145/1146816.1146825 · Cited by 4
Blind prediction-based wavelet watermarking
Guo, J.-M., Liu, Y.-F., Lee, J.-D., et al. (2016) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-016-3580-2 · Cited by 4
Chaotic Visual Cryptography Based Digitized Document Authentication
Goswami, A., Mukherjee, R., & Ghoshal, N. (2017) · Wireless Personal Communications · doi:10.1007/s11277-017-4088-4 · Cited by 4
A VQ-Based Joint Fingerprinting and Decryption Scheme for Secure and Efficient Image Distribution
Li, M., Ren, H., Zhang, E., et al. (2018) · Security and Communication Networks · doi:10.1155/2018/4313769 · Cited by 4
Liu, J., & Rao, Y. (2019) · KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems · doi:10.3837/tiis.2019.01.025 · Cited by 4
Complex Wavelet-Based Image Watermarking with the Human Visual Saliency Model
Liu, J., Rao, Y., & Huang, Y. (2019) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics8121462 · Cited by 4
Das, S., & Sunaniya, A. K. (2019) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9683-0_9 · Cited by 4
Research on Image Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Matlab
Chen, J., Sun, J., Lu, Y., et al. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/677/4/042073 · Cited by 4
Study on Improved Cooperative Spread Spectrum Based Robust Blind Image Watermarking
Nguyen-Thanh, T., & Le-Tien, T. (2020) · Journal of Advances in Information Technology · doi:10.12720/jait.11.3.119-127 · Cited by 4
A Novel Algorithm for Embedding Watermarks into Audio Signal Based on DCT
Yin, C. N., & Yuan, S. (2013) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4844-9_90 · Cited by 4
SVD–DWT Hybrid Frequency Domain Watermarking for Gray Scale Images Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Bansal, M., Mishra, A., & Sharma, A. (2021) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-2709-5_11 · Cited by 4
Secure Digital Image Watermarking Based on SVD-DCT
Mansouri, A., Mahmoudi-Aznaveh, A., & Azar, F. T. (2008) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-89985-3_79 · Cited by 4
Horvatic, P., Zhao, J., & Thorwirth, N. (2000) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-35515-3_19 · Cited by 4
Geometrically Invariant Image Watermarking in the DWT Domain
Xiang, S., & Kim, H.-J. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-77535-5_6 · Cited by 4
Watermarking compressed video stream over Internet
Ghosh, D., & Ramakrishna, K. (2004) · Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC) · doi:10.1109/apcc.2003.1274450 · Cited by 4
Image-adaptive watermarking based on warped discrete cosine transform
Jung, H.-S., Cho, N. I., & Lee, S.-U. (2003) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas.2002.1010197 · Cited by 4
Blind Watermarking Algorithm Using Complex Block Selection Method
Jang, Y., Kim, I., Kang, H. I., et al. (2001) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45453-5_134 · Cited by 4
Content Adaptive Watermark Embedding in the Multiwavelet Transform Using a Stochastic Image Model
Kwon, K., Kwon, S.-G., Nam, J., et al. (2003) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-36617-2_21 · Cited by 4
Independent Component Analysis in the Watermarking of Digital Images
Murillo-Fuentes, J. J. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30110-3_118 · Cited by 4
Steganalysis Based on Differential Statistics
Liu, Z., Ping, L., Chen, J., et al. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11935070_16 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of the Image Degradation for a Typical Watermarking Algorithm in the Block-DCT Domain
Bo, X., Shen, L., & Wen-sen, C. (2001) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45600-7_7 · Cited by 4
A novel public digital watermarking for still images based on encryption algorithm
Tai, G.-C., & Chang, L.-W. (2004) · IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST) · doi:10.1109/ccst.2003.1297570 · Cited by 4
Asymmetric Watermarking Scheme Using Permutation Braids
Song, G.-S., Kim, M.-A., & Lee, W.-H. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-24591-9_17 · Cited by 4
Robust and low cost watermarking using image characteristics
Maity, S. P., Kundu, M. K., & Nandi, P. K. (2003) · Cited by 4
Enhanced Watermarking Scheme Based on Texture Analysis
Lopes, I. O., Barcelos, C. A. Z., Batista, M. A., et al. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11864349_68 · Cited by 4
Digital watermarking: An approach based on Hilbert transform
Agarwal, R., Santhanam, M. S., & Srinivas, K. (2016) · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation · doi:10.1109/ccaa.2016.7813887 · Cited by 4
Multibit data hiding based on CDMA
Xin, Y., & Pawlak, M. (2004) · Conference proceedings - Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering · doi:10.1109/ccece.2004.1345269 · Cited by 4
Robust Image Data Hiding Technique for Copyright Protection
Singh, S., & Siddiqui, T. J. (2013) · International Journal of Information Security and Privacy · doi:10.4018/jisp.2013040103 · Cited by 4
Secure Multimedia Distribution Based on Watermarking and Encryption
Li, H., Liu, G., Dai, Y., & Wang, Z. (2010) · Journal of Convergence Information Technology · doi:10.4156/jcit.vol5.issue9.29 · Cited by 4
Cepstrum digital image watermarking algorithm
Min-rui, Z., Chen-hong, L., & Yi, K. (2004) · IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) · doi:10.1109/isie.2004.1571821 · Cited by 4
Saturation Adjustment Scheme of Blind Color Watermarking for Secret Text Hiding
Wu, C.-C., Su, Y., Tu, T., et al. (2010) · Journal of Multimedia · doi:10.4304/jmm.5.3.248-258 · Cited by 4
A perceptually driven hybrid additive-multiplicative watermarking technique in the wavelet domain
Autrusseau, F., David, S., Pankajakshan, V., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.872393 · Cited by 4
New watermarking algorithm with data authentication and reduction for JPEG image
Wang, C.-C., & Hsu, Y.-C. (2008) · Journal of Electronic Imaging · doi:10.1117/1.2954128 · Cited by 4
Systematic Generation of Tardos's Fingerprint Codes
Kuribayashi, M., & Morii, M. (2010) · IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences · doi:10.1587/transfun.e93.a.508 · Cited by 4
Multi-User Collusion Behavior Forensics: Game Theoretic Formulation of Fairness Dynamics
Lin, W. S., Zhao, H. V., & Liu, K. J. R. (2007) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2007.4379533 · Cited by 4
A game-theoretic system security design for the visible watermarking
Tsai, M.-J., & Liu, J. (2010) · doi:10.1145/1877972.1877980 · Cited by 4
Lossless Codebook-Based Digital Watermarking Scheme with Authentication
Park, G. D., Kim, D. S., & Yoo, K. Y. (2014) · International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations · doi:10.1109/itng.2014.43 · Cited by 4
Enhanced Robustness for Digital Images Using Geometric Attack simulation
Joe, J. F., & Raja, T. V. (2012) · Procedia Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.314 · Cited by 4
Awrangjeb, M. (2012) · Advances in Multimedia · doi:10.1155/2012/875759 · Cited by 4
Statistical audio watermarking algorithm based on perceptual analysis
Quan, X., & Zhang, H. (2005) · doi:10.1145/1102546.1102565 · Cited by 4
Digital image watermarking using DCT and z-score transform
Lai, C., Jhan, C.-F., & Wang, W.-S. (2010) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/icmlc.2010.5580755 · Cited by 4
The efficiency of PDE decomposition in images watermarking
Aherrahrou, N., & Tairi, H. (2015) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-015-2494-8 · Cited by 4
A cryptographic watermarking technique for multimedia signals
Ren, J. (2008) · Advances in Computational Mathematics · doi:10.1007/s10444-008-9096-1 · Cited by 4
The application of nonlinear bistable detectors to DCT-domain watermarking schemes
Duan, F., & Abbott, D. (2007) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.768057 · Cited by 4
Transparent robust information hiding for ownership verification
Yu, D., Sattar, F., & Razul, S. G. (2006) · Journal of Electronic Imaging · doi:10.1117/1.2366514 · Cited by 4
Improved image authentication using closed-form compensation and spread-spectrum watermarking
Ababneh, S. Y., Ansari, R., & Khokhar, A. (2008) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2008.4517976 · Cited by 4
A Correlation-Based Watermarking Technique of 3-D Meshes via Cyclic Signal Processing
Uto, T., TAKEMURA, Y., KAMITANI, H., et al. (2012) · IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems · doi:10.1587/transinf.e95.d.1272 · Cited by 4
Digital Video Watermarking using Singular Value Decomposition and 2D Principal Component Analysis
Kaufman, J. R., & Çelenk, M. (2006) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2006.312982 · Cited by 4
Spread spectrum audio watermarking: Enhancement of detection and watermarking capacity
Tafreshi, H. F., & Farani, A. A. S. (2014) · Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1109/iraniancee.2014.6999767 · Cited by 4
Watermarking via zero assigned filter banks
Yücel, Z., & Özgüler, A. B. (2009) · Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.07.012 · Cited by 4
An improved QIM based anti-collusion fingerprinting scheme
Cheng, G., Ling, H., Zou, F., et al. (2010) · International Conference on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icosp.2010.5657120 · Cited by 4
Genetic watermarking based on texture analysis in DCT domain
Promcharoen, S., & Rangsanseri, Y. (2008) · SICE Annual Conference (SICE) · doi:10.1109/sice.2008.4654616 · Cited by 4
Transparent robust information hiding for ownership verification
Yu, D., Sattar, F., & Razul, S. G. (2004) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2004.1326566 · Cited by 4
Hiding Informationin in Java Class File
Gong, D., Liu, F., Lu, B., et al. (2008) · International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology · doi:10.1109/iscsct.2008.231 · Cited by 4
A new wavelet watermarking technique
Pan, R., & Gao, Y. (2003) · World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation · doi:10.1109/wcica.2002.1021448 · Cited by 4
Collusion-aware traitor tracing in multimedia fingerprinting using sparse signal approximation
Varodayan, D., & Pépin, C. (2008) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2008.4517942 · Cited by 4
Adaptive watermark algorithm based fast curvelet transform
Shen, Z., & Liao, F. (2008) · International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/icwapr.2008.4635835 · Cited by 4
Reliable watermark detection method based on analysis of correlation
Kang, H.-S., Choi, J. G., Lee, S.-W., et al. (2000) · Optical Engineering · doi:10.1117/1.1327900 · Cited by 4
A Comparative Research of Robustness for Image Watermarking
Xiao, M., Yu, L.-X., & Liu, C.-J. (2008) · doi:10.1109/csse.2008.1404 · Cited by 4
Entropy based audio watermarking in image using wavelet transform
Rehman, F. U., Khan, R., Iqbal, N., et al. (2009) · doi:10.1109/cccm.2009.5267473 · Cited by 4
SemiFragile Watermarking Scheme based on Feature in Dwt Domain
Kommini, C., Ellanti, K., & Chowdary, E. H. (2011) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/3370-4653 · Cited by 4
Campisi, P., Giunta, G., & Neri, A. (2003) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2002.1040092 · Cited by 4
Simulated attack based feature region selection for efficient digital image watermarking
Shijin Kumar, P. S., & Dhas, D. E. (2012) · International Conference on Computing, Electronics and Electrical Technologies · doi:10.1109/icceet.2012.6203846 · Cited by 4
A public key audio watermarking using patchwork algorithm
Hong, D. G., Park, S. H., & Shin, J. (2002) · Cited by 4
Introducing a New Method for Estimation Image Complexity According To Calculate Watermark Capacity
Yaghmaee, F., & Jamzad, M. (2008) · International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP) · doi:10.1109/iih-msp.2008.185 · Cited by 4
Diversity assisted GCIC for spread spectrum watermark detection using genetic algorithms
Maity, S. P., Maity, S., & Sil, J. (2009) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2009.5414262 · Cited by 4
El-Ddin, I. M., MORRIS, H. C., & Eyadat, M. S. (2008) · International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations · doi:10.1109/itng.2008.249 · Cited by 4
Digital watermarking based on multi-band wavelet and principal component analysis
Kang, X., Zeng, W., Huang, J., et al. (2005) · Visual Communications and Image Processing · doi:10.1117/12.631584 · Cited by 4
A robust watermarking technique for copyright protection of digital images
Hung, K.-M., Wang, Y., & Yeh, C.-H. (2007) · Cited by 4
A novel image watermarking method based on Discrete Cosine Transform using Genetic Algorithm
Aslantaş, V., Özer, Ş., & Öztürk, S. (2009) · IEEE Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) · doi:10.1109/siu.2009.5136388 · Cited by 4
Watermarking Based on Independent Component Analysis in Spatial Domain
Hajisami, A., Rahmati, A., & Babaie‐Zadeh, M. (2011) · UKSim International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim) · doi:10.1109/uksim.2011.63 · Cited by 4
CNN Algorithms for Video Authentication and Copyright Protection
Csapodi, M., Vandewalle, J. P. L., & Bart Preneel, A. (1999) · The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal Image and Video Technology · doi:10.1023/a:1008113606327 · Cited by 4
Performance of detection statistics under collusion attacks on independent multimedia fingerprints
Zhao, H., Wu, M. H., Wang, Z. J., et al. (2003) · doi:10.1109/icme.2003.1220890 · Cited by 4
Data Hiding Driven by Perceptual Features for Secure Communications
Carli, M., Campisi, P., & Neri, A. (2006) · doi:10.1109/icniconsmcl.2006.70 · Cited by 4
Guarding security sensitive content using confined mobile agents
Noordende, G. J. V. T., Brazier, F. M. T., & Tanenbaum, A. S. (2007) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/1244002.1244013 · Cited by 4
On the choice of the mother wavelet for perceptual data hiding
Naforniţa, C., & Isar, A. (2009) · International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/isscs.2009.5206084 · Cited by 4
Innovative image watermarking tecnique for image authentication in surveillance applications
Fonda, F., & Pastore, S. (2006) · IEEE International Workshop on Imaging Systems and Techniques · doi:10.1109/ist.2005.1594522 · Cited by 4
A novel watermarking scheme for image authentication in DWT domain
Li, C., & Song, H. (2009) · doi:10.1109/icasid.2009.5276922 · Cited by 4
Robust transcoding resistant watermarking for H.264 standard
Nair, R., Varadharajan, V., Joglekar, S. P., et al. (2012) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-012-1208-8 · Cited by 4
A Novel Algorithm of Covert Image Communication with Wavelet Transform and Information Fusion
Jian, P., Su, L., Li, Z., et al. (2007) · International Conference on Image and Graphics · doi:10.1109/icig.2007.109 · Cited by 4
Spread Spectrum Embedding of Colluder Traceable Codeword in Multimedia
Saikia, M., & Majumder, S. (2011) · International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology · doi:10.1109/eait.2011.11 · Cited by 4
Hierarchical deterministic image watermarking via polynomial interpolation
Boato, G., Fontanari, C., & Melgani, F. (2005) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip.2005.1529729 · Cited by 4
Multichannel Watermarking for Color Images by Using Quantization Visibility Thresholds
Liu, K. (2009) · International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP) · doi:10.1109/imvip.2009.19 · Cited by 4
Implementation of a visible watermarking in a secure still digital camera using VLSI design
Ramesh, S. C., & Majeed, M. M. I. (2009) · European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design · doi:10.1109/ecctd.2009.5275104 · Cited by 4
StegAnim-A Novel Information Hiding Technique using Animations
Tadiparthi, G. R., & Sueyoshi, T. (2006) · Cited by 4
Embedding and non-blind extraction of watermark data in images in FRFT domain
Hussain, F., Khan, E., & Farooq, O. (2009) · doi:10.1109/mspct.2009.5164230 · Cited by 4
A new adaptive watermarking attack in wavelet domain
Taherinia, A. H., & Jamzad, M. (2009) · doi:10.1109/mspct.2009.5164240 · Cited by 4
A novel real-time video digital watermarking algorithm
Liu, Q., & Liu, H. (2008) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/icmlc.2008.4620872 · Cited by 4
Data hiding in binary line drawing images
Zhang, H., & Liu, M. (2008) · International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/icwapr.2008.4635764 · Cited by 4
Digital Image Watermarking Technique
Yang, J., Kim, Y. G., Kim, J. H., et al. (2002) · 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 · Cited by 4
Robust watermarking motion data with DL-STDM
Wu, X., Ma, L., Dong, Z., & Revéret, L. (2008) · Computers & Graphics · doi:10.1016/j.cag.2008.04.002 · Cited by 4
Survey of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques to achieve Robustness
Malshe, S., Gupta, H., & Mandloi, S. (2012) · International Journal of Computer Applications · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Cox, I. J., Kilian, J., Leighton, F. T., & Shamoon, T.
- Affiliations
- NEC (Japan) (JP)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Cox, I.J.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1673-1687
- ISSN
- 1057-7149 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-0042
- OpenAlex
- W2116467012
- Semantic Scholar
- a5eaa0b77d774745409499be2a2f16c506156161
- Cited by
- 5,299
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 65 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 112 · 2018: 132 · 2017: 160 · 2016: 168 · 2015: 201 · 2014: 211 · 2013: 240 · 2012: 289
- FWCI
- 98.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Digital Media Forensic Detection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Data Compression Techniques
- Keywords
- digital watermarking, spread spectrum watermarking, tamper resistance, Gaussian random vectors, image watermarking, watermark robustness, lossy compression, geometric transformations, image registration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
