The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
EEG-based communication: improved accuracy by response verification
Abstract
Humans can learn to control the amplitude of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in specific frequency bands over sensorimotor cortex and use it to move a cursor to a target on a computer screen. EEG-based communication could provide a new augmentative communication channel for individuals with motor disabilities. In the present system, each dimension of cursor movement is controlled by a linear equation. While the intercept in the equation is continually updated, it does not perfectly eliminate the impact of spontaneous variations in EEG amplitude. This imperfection reduces the accuracy of cursor movement. We evaluated a response verification (RV) procedure in which each outcome is determined by two opposite trials (e.g., one top-target trial and one bottom-target trial). Success, or failure, on both is required for a definitive outcome. The RV procedure reduces errors due to imperfection in intercept selection. Accuracy for opposite-trial pairs exceeds that predicted from the accuracies of individual trials, and greatly exceeds that for same-trial pairs. The RV procedure should be particularly valuable when the first trial has >2 possible targets, because the second trial need only confirm or deny the outcome of the first, and it should be applicable to nonlinear as well as to linear algorithms.
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Cites
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Shannon, C. E. (1948) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x · Cited by 48,949
The Mathematical Theory of Communication
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Digital spectral analysis : with applications
Marple, S. L. (1987) · International Linear Collider · Cited by 1,732
An EEG-based brain-computer interface for cursor control
Wolpaw, J. R., McFarland, D. J., Neat, G. W., & Forneris, C. A. (1991) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(91)90040-b · Cited by 1,114
Self-citationAmerican Electroencephalographic Society Guidelines for Standard Electrode Position Nomenclature
&NA; (1991) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199104000-00007 · Cited by 1,050
Spatial filter selection for EEG-based communication
McFarland, D. J., McCane, L. M., David, S. V., & Wolpaw, J. R. (1997) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0013-4694(97)00022-2 · Cited by 936
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Cited by
Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control
Wolpaw, J. R., Birbaumer, N., McFarland, D. J., Pfurtscheller, G., & Vaughan, T. M. (2002) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00057-3 · Cited by 7,927
Self-citationPandarinath, C., Nuyujukian, P., Blabe, C. H., Sorice, B. L., Saab, J., Willett, F. R., Hochberg, L. R., Shenoy, K. V., & Henderson, J. M. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.18554 · Cited by 566
“Many candidate BCIs have been developed for this purpose, including those based on electroencephalography ( Wolpaw et al., 1998 ; Hwang et al., 2012 ; Spu¨ler et al., 2012 ), electrocorticography ( Leuthardt et al., 2004 ; Schalk et al., 2008 ; Moran, 2010 ; Brunner et al., 2011 ; Wang et al., 2013…”
MethodLaFleur, K., Cassady, K., Doud, A., Shades, K., Rogin, E., & He, B. (2013) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/4/046003 · Cited by 583
Curran, E. (2003) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00036-8 · Cited by 417
Error-Related EEG Potentials Generated During Simulated Brain–Computer Interaction
Ferrez, P. W., & del R. Millan, J. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2007.908083 · Cited by 369
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolpaw, J. R., Ramoser, H., McFarland, D. J., & Pfurtscheller, G.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 326-333
- ISSN
- 1063-6528 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2170968639
- Cited by
- 396
- References
- 27
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: EEG-based communication: improved accuracy by response verification. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/86.712231
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- Wolpaw, J. R., Ramoser, H., McFarland, D. J., & Pfurtscheller, G. (1998). EEG-based communication: improved accuracy by response verification. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/86.712231
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
