The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system
Abstract
We describe an invasive alternative to externally applied brain-computer interface (BCI) devices. This system requires implantation of a special electrode into the outer layers of the human neocortex. The recorded signals are transmitted to a nearby receiver and processed to drive a cursor on a computer monitor in front of the patient. Our present patient has learned to control the cursor for the production of synthetic speech and typing.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Kennedy, P. R. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(89)90142-8 · Cited by 151
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 10.1097/00001756-199207000-00015 · DOI
- 10.1016/0304-3940(92)90627-J · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00051-6 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1097/00001756-199806010-00007 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1109/86.847817 · DOI
- kennedy, 1995, Windows Visual Keyboard (WiViK) and WiVox Voice Synthesizer
- 10.1007/s002210050617 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Brain–computer interfaces for communication and control
Wolpaw, J. R., Birbaumer, N., McFarland, D. J., Pfurtscheller, G., & Vaughan, T. M. (2002) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00057-3 · Cited by 7,927
Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia
Hochberg, L. R., Serruya, M. D., Friehs, G. M., Mukand, J. A., Saleh, M., Caplan, A. H., Branner, A., Chen, D., Penn, R. D., & Donoghue, J. P. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04970 · Cited by 3,295
Brain Computer Interfaces, a Review
Nicolas-Alonso, L. F., & Gomez-Gil, J. (2012) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s120201211 · Cited by 2,143
Motor imagery and direct brain-computer communication
Pfurtscheller, G., & Neuper, C. (2001) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.939829 · Cited by 1,990
Brain–machine interfaces: past, present and future
Lebedev, M. A., & Nicolelis, M. A. L. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.07.004 · Cited by 1,875
Metadata
- Authors
- Kennedy, P. R., Bakay, R. A. E., Moore, M. M., Adams, K., & Goldwaithe, J.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering
- Published
- 2000-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 198-202
- ISSN
- 1063-6528 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2161457168
- Cited by
- 573
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 9.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/86.847815
- The paper
- Kennedy, P. R., Bakay, R. A. E., Moore, M. M., Adams, K., & Goldwaithe, J. (2000). Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/86.847815
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.