The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trustworthy Blockchain Oracles: Review, Comparison, and Open Research Challenges
Open accessAbstract
The essence of blockchain smart contracts lies in the execution of business logic code in a decentralized architecture in which the execution outcomes are trusted and agreed upon by all the executing nodes. Despite the decentralized and trustless architectures of the blockchain systems, smart contracts on their own cannot access data from the external world. Instead, smart contracts interact with off-chain external data sources, called oracles, whose primary job is to collect and provide data feeds and input to smart contracts. However, there is always risk of oracles providing corrupt, malicious, or inaccurate data. In this paper, we analyze and present the notion of trust in the oracles used in blockchain ecosystems. We analyze and compare trust-enabling features of the leading blockchain oracle approaches, techniques, and platforms. Moreover, we discuss open research challenges that should be addressed to ensure secure and trustworthy blockchain oracles.
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Citations
Cites
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Self-citationHawlitschek, F., Notheisen, B., & Teubner, T. (2018) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2018.03.005 · Cited by 715
Town Crier: An Authenticated Data Feed for Smart Contracts
Zhang, F., Cecchetti, E., Croman, K., Juels, A., & Shi, E. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security · doi:10.1145/2976749.2978326 · Cited by 580
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(2017) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48478-5 · Cited by 190
Trust management in a blockchain based fog computing platform with trustless smart oracles
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“The issue of trust on blockchain oracle was further explored by researchers in [21] whereby”
BackgroundBlockchain for explainable and trustworthy artificial intelligence
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Self-citation
Cited by
Digital governance: A conceptual framework and research agenda
Hanisch, M., Goldsby, C. M., Fabian, N. E., & Oehmichen, J. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113777 · Cited by 267
A Circular Built Environment in the Digital Age
(2024) · Circular Economy and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39675-5 · Cited by 59
Alqarni, A. (2025) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-04-2024-1074 · Cited by 32
Wang, H., Hunhevicz, J., & Hall, D. (2022) · Computing in Construction · doi:10.35490/ec3.2022.213 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Al-Breiki, H., Rehman, M. H. U., Salah, K., & Svetinovic, D.
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 85675-85685
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3023266124
- Cited by
- 336
- References
- 23
- FWCI
- 42.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Al-Breiki, H., Rehman, M. H. U., Salah, K., & Svetinovic, D. (2020). Trustworthy Blockchain Oracles: Review, Comparison, and Open Research Challenges. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992698
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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