The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
6G Wireless Systems: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions
Open accessAbstract
Internet of everything (IoE)-based smart services are expected to gain immense popularity in the future, which raises the need for next-generation wireless networks. Although fifth-generation (5G) networks can support various IoE services, they might not be able to completely fulfill the requirements of novel applications. Sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems are envisioned to overcome 5G network limitations. In this article, we explore recent advances made toward enabling 6G systems. We devise a taxonomy based on key enabling technologies, use cases, emerging machine learning schemes, communication technologies, networking technologies, and computing technologies. Furthermore, we identify and discuss open research challenges, such as artificial-intelligence-based adaptive transceivers, intelligent wireless energy harvesting, decentralized and secure business models, intelligent cell-less architecture, and distributed security models. We propose practical guidelines including deep Q-learning and federated learning-based transceivers, blockchain-based secure business models, homomorphic encryption, and distributed-ledger-based authentication schemes to cope with these challenges. Finally, we outline and recommend several future directions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Vision of 6G Wireless Systems: Applications, Trends, Technologies, and Open Research Problems
Saad, W., Bennis, M., & Chen, M. (2020) · IEEE Network · doi:10.1109/mnet.001.1900287 · Cited by 4,985
Next generation 5G wireless networks: a comprehensive survey
Agiwal, M., Roy, A., & Saxena, N. (2016) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2016.2532458 · Cited by 3,444
6G Wireless Networks: Vision, Requirements, Architecture, and Key Technologies
Zhang, Z., Xiao, Y., Ma, Z., Xiao, M., Ding, Z., Lei, X., Karagiannidis, G. K., & Fan, P. (2019) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine · doi:10.1109/mvt.2019.2921208 · Cited by 2,575
IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges
Khan, M. A., & Salah, K. (2018) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2017.11.022 · Cited by 2,488
Toward 6G Networks: Use Cases and Technologies
Giordani, M., Polese, M., Mezzavilla, M., Rangan, S., & Zorzi, M. (2020) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900411 · Cited by 2,241
The Roadmap to 6G: AI Empowered Wireless Networks
Letaief, K. B., Chen, W., Shi, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y.-J. A. (2019) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.2019.1900271 · Cited by 2,207
Chowdhury, M. Z., Shahjalal, M., Ahmed, S., & Jang, Y. M. (2020) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2020.3010270 · Cited by 1,857
Visible Light Communication, Networking, and Sensing: A Survey, Potential and Challenges
Pathak, P. H., Feng, X., Hu, P., & Mohapatra, P. (2015) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2476474 · Cited by 1,550
6G and Beyond: The Future of Wireless Communications Systems
Akyildiz, I. F., Kak, A., & Nie, S. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010896 · Cited by 1,385
5G Internet of Things: A survey
Li, S., Xu, L. D., & Zhao, S. (2018) · Journal of Industrial Information Integration · doi:10.1016/j.jii.2018.01.005 · Cited by 1,293
Cited by
On the Road to 6G: Visions, Requirements, Key Technologies, and Testbeds
Wang, C.-X., You, X., Gao, X., Zhu, X., Li, Z., Zhang, C., Wang, H., Huang, Y., Chen, Y., Haas, H., et al. (2023) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2023.3249835 · Cited by 2,336
6G Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey
Nguyen, D. C., Ding, M., Pathirana, P. N., Seneviratne, A., Li, J., Niyato, D., Dobre, O., & Poor, H. V. (2022) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2021.3103320 · Cited by 1,452
Federated Learning for Internet of Things: Recent Advances, Taxonomy, and Open Challenges
Khan, L. U., Saad, W., Han, Z., Hossain, E., & Hong, C. S. (2021) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2021.3090430 · Cited by 892
Self-citationSurvey on 6G Frontiers: Trends, Applications, Requirements, Technologies and Future Research
Alwis, C. D., Kalla, A., Pham, Q.-V., Kumar, P., Dev, K., Hwang, W.-J., & Liyanage, M. (2021) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3071496 · Cited by 788
Yigitcanlar, T., Mehmood, R., & Corchado, J. M. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13168952 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Khan, L. U., Yaqoob, I., Imran, M., Han, Z., & Hong, C. S.
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 147029-147044
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3048535702
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 66
- FWCI
- 18.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 6G Wireless Systems: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/access.2020.3015289
- The paper
- Khan, L. U., Yaqoob, I., Imran, M., Han, Z., & Hong, C. S. (2020). 6G Wireless Systems: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3015289
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
