Green Artificial Intelligence: Towards an Efficient, Sustainable and Equitable Technology for Smart Cities and Futures
Open accessAbstract
Smart cities and artificial intelligence (AI) are among the most popular discourses in urban policy circles. Most attempts at using AI to improve efficiencies in cities have nevertheless either struggled or failed to accomplish the smart city transformation. This is mainly due to short-sighted, technologically determined and reductionist AI approaches being applied to complex urbanization problems. Besides this, as smart cities are underpinned by our ability to engage with our environments, analyze them, and make efficient, sustainable and equitable decisions, the need for a green AI approach is intensified. This perspective paper, reflecting authors’ opinions and interpretations, concentrates on the “green AI” concept as an enabler of the smart city transformation, as it offers the opportunity to move away from purely technocentric efficiency solutions towards efficient, sustainable and equitable solutions capable of realizing the desired urban futures. The aim of this perspective paper is two-fold: first, to highlight the fundamental shortfalls in mainstream AI system conceptualization and practice, and second, to advocate the need for a consolidated AI approach—i.e., green AI—to further support smart city transformation. The methodological approach includes a thorough appraisal of the current AI and smart city literatures, practices, developments, trends and applications. The paper informs authorities and planners on the importance of the adoption and deployment of AI systems that address efficiency, sustainability and equity issues in cities.
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The use of AI applications to enhance urban efficiencies involves struggles in accomplishing transformative changes to smart cities due to short-sighted, technologically determined, and reductionist AI approaches being applied to complex problems.
“The use of AI applications to enhance urban efficiencies involves struggles in accomplishing the transformative changes to smart cities due to “the short-sighted, technologically determined, and reductionist AI approaches being applied to complex…problems” (Yigitcanlar et al. 2021).”
From Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review (2023) · cites this paper as Yigitcanlar et al. 2021
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Woldegiyorgis, T. A., Li, H., Asmare, E., Assamnew, A. D., Chekol, F., Desalegn, G. A., Asefa, S. K., & Mossie, S. Y. (2025) · Energy Informatics · doi:10.1186/s42162-025-00589-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Jiang, J., & Chen, S. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25079 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Huertas-García, Á., Martí-González, C., Maezo, R. G., & Rey, A. E. (2024) · Algorithms for intelligent systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9436-6_26 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sustainability and AI: Prioritizing Environmental Considerations in Tech Advancements
Naeeni, S. K. (2023) · AI and Tech in Behavioral and Social Sciences · doi:10.61838/kman.aitech.1.3.1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ramzani, S. R., Konhäusner, P., Olaniregun, O. A., Abu-Alkheil, A. M., & Alsharari, N. M. (2024) · European Journal of Business Management and Research · doi:10.24018/ejbmr.2024.9.2.2277 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yigitcanlar, T., Mehmood, R., & Corchado, J. M.
- Affiliations
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- Universidad de Salamanca (ES)
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-08-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 8952
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3192495768
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 18.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Keywords
- green AI, smart cities, urban sustainability, urban equity, AI efficiency, urban planning, urban future, technocentrism, urbanization
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