An image encryption scheme based on IAVL permutation scheme and DNA operations
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, a novel image encryption algorithm based on a new permutation scheme and DNA operations are introduced. In our algorithm, SHA 256 and DNA hamming distance participate in the generation of the initial conditions of the 4D chaotic system, which can associate the encryption system with the original image. In the permutation process, based on the adjustment process of the IAVL (improved balanced binary tree), a new scrambling algorithm is constructed. Then the dynamic block coding rules are designed, in which different image blocks have different coding rules. In the diffusion process, a new diffusion algorithm with intra-block and inter-block is proposed to perform DNA operations on the intermediate encryption result and the key matrix. In the security analysis, the key space of the encryption system is 2933and the information entropy is about 7.9973. In addition, the NPCR and UACI in the differential attack test are close to the ideal values of 99.6094% and 33.4653%. To further prove the security of the encryption algorithm, the Irregular deviation, Maximum deviation, Energy, Contrast, and Homogeneity tests are introduced into the analysis. Experimental results illustrate that the encryption scheme can against multiple illegal attacks like statistical, brute-force and differential attacks.
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Energy values are in the range of (0, 1).
“the resulting energy values are in the range of (0, 1) [54].”
From Image Encryption Algorithms: A Survey of Design and Evaluation Metrics (2024) · cites this paper as [54]
The “Energy of Analysis” section (page unavailable) defines energy using the sum of squared GLCM elements and says Table 14 reports energy values for the authors’ encryption scheme. The text available in our copy does not state that those values fall strictly between 0 and 1, and the table’s numerical entries are not present. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Image Encryption Algorithms: A Survey of Design and Evaluation Metrics
Alghamdi, Y., & Munir, A. (2024) · Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy · doi:10.3390/jcp4010007 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“It is calculated by summing the squared elements in the GLCM, and the resulting energy values are in the range of (0, 1) [54].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
- Authors
- Sha, Y., Cao, Y., Yan, H., Gao, X., & Mou, J.
- Affiliations
- Dalian Polytechnic University (CN)
- Venue
- IEEE Access
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 96321-96336
- ISSN
- 2169-3536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3182683315
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Access (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (62061014)
- Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2020-MS-274)
- Basic Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities of Liaoning Province (J202148)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Computer Science and Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
- Keywords
- image encryption, four-dimensional chaotic system, scrambling, diffusion, SHA-256, key space, NPCR, UACI, differential attack resistance, statistical attack resistance
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