The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exploring architectures, data and units for streaming end-to-end speech recognition with RNN-transducer
Open accessAbstract
We investigate training end-to-end speech recognition models with the recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T): a streaming, all-neural, sequence-to-sequence architecture which jointly learns acoustic and language model components from transcribed acoustic data. We explore various model architectures and demonstrate how the model can be improved further if additional text or pronunciation data are available. The model consists of an `encoder', which is initialized from a connectionist temporal classification-based (CTC) acoustic model, and a `decoder' which is partially initialized from a recurrent neural network language model trained on text data alone. The entire neural network is trained with the RNN-T loss and directly outputs the recognized transcript as a sequence of graphemes, thus performing end-to-end speech recognition. We find that performance can be improved further through the use of sub-word units ('wordpieces') which capture longer context and significantly reduce substitution errors. The best RNN-T system, a twelve-layer LSTM encoder with a two-layer LSTM decoder trained with 30,000 wordpieces as output targets achieves a word error rate of 8.5% on voice-search and 5.2% on voice-dictation tasks and is comparable to a state-of-the-art baseline at 8.3% on voice-search and 5.4% voice-dictation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks
Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., & Le, Q. V. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.3215 · Cited by 17,766
TensorFlow: Large-Scale Machine Learning on Heterogeneous Distributed Systems
Abadi, M., Agarwal, A., Barham, P., Brevdo, E., Chen, Z., Citro, C., Corrado, G. S., Davis, A., Dean, J., Devin, M., et al. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1603.04467 · Cited by 9,408
Speech recognition with deep recurrent neural networks
Graves, A., Mohamed, A.-R., & Hinton, G. (2013) · 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6638947 · Cited by 8,893
Graves, A., Fernández, S., Gomez, F., & Schmidhuber, J. (2006) · Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning - ICML '06 · doi:10.1145/1143844.1143891 · Cited by 5,370
Google's Neural Machine Translation System: Bridging the Gap between Human and Machine Translation
Wu, Y., Schuster, M., Chen, Z., Le, Q. V., Norouzi, M., Macherey, W., Krikun, M., Cao, Y., Gao, Q., Macherey, K., et al. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1609.08144 · Cited by 5,319
Deep Speech 2: End-to-End Speech Recognition in English and Mandarin
Amodei, D., Anubhai, R., Battenberg, E., Case, C. T., Casper, J., Catanzaro, B., Chen, J., Chrzanowski, M., Coates, A., Diamos, G., et al. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1512.02595 · Cited by 2,110
Towards End-To-End Speech Recognition with Recurrent Neural Networks
Graves, A., & Jaitly, N. (2014) · Cited by 1,861
Sequence Transduction with Recurrent Neural Networks
Graves, A. (2012) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1211.3711 · Cited by 1,170
End-to-end attention-based large vocabulary speech recognition
Bahdanau, D., Chorowski, J., Serdyuk, D., Brakel, P., & Bengio, Y. (2016) · 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) · doi:10.1109/icassp.2016.7472618 · Cited by 1,096
Cited by
Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognition
Gulati, A., Qin, J., Chiu, C.-C., Parmar, N., Zhang, Y., Yu, J., Han, W., Wang, S., Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., et al. (2020) · Interspeech 2020 · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2020-3015 · Cited by 3,150
Conformer: Convolution-augmented Transformer for Speech Recognition
Gulati, A., Qin, J., Chiu, C.-C., Parmar, N., Zhang, Y., Yu, J., Han, W., Wang, S., Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.08100 · Cited by 3,150
Deep learning modelling techniques: Current progress, applications, advantages, and challenges
Ahmed, S. F., Alam, M. S. B., Hassan, M., Rozbu, M. R., Ishtiak, T., Rafa, N., Mofijur, M., Shawkat Ali, A. B. M., & Gandomi, A. H. (2023) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-023-10466-8 · Cited by 1,079
State-of-the-Art Speech Recognition with Sequence-to-Sequence Models
Chiu, C.-C., Sainath, T. N., Wu, Y., Prabhavalkar, R., Nguyen, P., Chen, Z., Kannan, A., Weiss, R. J., Rao, K., Gonina, E., et al. (2018) · 2018 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) · doi:10.1109/icassp.2018.8462105 · Cited by 1,043
Self-citationStreaming End-to-end Speech Recognition for Mobile Devices
He, Y., Sainath, T. N., Prabhavalkar, R., McGraw, I., Alvarez, R., Zhao, D., Rybach, D., Kannan, A., Wu, Y., Pang, R., et al. (2019) · ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) · doi:10.1109/icassp.2019.8682336 · Cited by 601
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Rao, K., Sak, H., & Prabhavalkar, R.
- Venue
- 2017 IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2017-12
- Pages
- 193-199
- OpenAlex
- W2963414781
- Cited by
- 341
- References
- 24
- FWCI
- 18.67
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Exploring architectures, data and units for streaming end-to-end speech recognition with RNN-transducer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/asru.2017.8268935
- The paper
- Rao, K., Sak, H., & Prabhavalkar, R. (2017). Exploring architectures, data and units for streaming end-to-end speech recognition with RNN-transducer. 2017 IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU). https://doi.org/10.1109/asru.2017.8268935
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.