A 22 kW on-board charger for automotive applications based on a modular design
Abstract
In this paper a 22 kW on-board charger for electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles is proposed. To achieve high quantities of devices, a fully modular circuit and control structure is chosen. The circuit arrangement consists of three identical phase units (7.4 kW), which are comprised of two identical (3.7 kW) base units. The proposed charger is implemented and has a volume of 11.1 liters and a weight of 12 kg. The experimental result indicates an efficiency of more than 94 percent over the full battery voltage range at an input voltage of 230 Vac. The output voltage for full load and best efficiency varies from 315-395 V.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In [107], an OBC compatible with EV and PHEV rated at 22 kW has been put forward, formed by three identical 7.4 kW modules, each consisting of two identical 3.7 kW units.
“In [107], an OBC compatible with EV and PHEV rated at 22 kW has been put forward.In this paper, a modular circuit arrangement is seen, i.e., the 22 kW circuits are formed by the combination of three identical (7.4 kW) modules, which in turn consist of two identical (3.7 kW) units.”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [107]
The complete circuit in [107] works with an efficiency of more than 94%.
“The complete circuit works with an efficiency of more than 94%.”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [107]
Cites
Performance Evaluation of Bridgeless PFC Boost Rectifiers
Huber, L., Jang, Y., & Jovanovic, M. M. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2008.921107 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Ultra-fast DC-charge infrastructures for EV-mobility and future smart grids
Aggeler, D., Canales, F., Parra, H. Z. D. L., Coccia, A., Butcher, N., & Apeldoorn, O. (2010) · IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe · doi:10.1109/isgteurope.2010.5638899 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Su, B., Zhang, J., & Lü, Z. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/tpel.2010.2059046 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Design Guidelines for Interleaved Single-Phase Boost PFC Circuits
Nußbaumer, T., Raggl, K., & Kolar, J. W. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2020073 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
A combined multiphase electric drive and fast battery charger for Electric Vehicles
Sousa, L., Silvestre, B., & Bouchez, B. (2010) · IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC) · doi:10.1109/vppc.2010.5729057 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
An integrated fast battery charger for Electric Vehicle
Lacroix, S., Laboure, E., & Hilairet, M. (2010) · 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference · doi:10.1109/vppc.2010.5729063 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Implementation of single-phase boost power-factor-correction circuits in three-phase applications
Spiazzi, G., & Lee, F. C. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/41.585834 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Design of a 10 kW, 500 kHz phase-shift controlled series-resonant inverter for induction heating
Grajales, L., Sabate, J. A., Wang, K. R., et al. (2002) · Conference record · doi:10.1109/ias.1993.298997 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Paralleling of LLC resonant converters using frequency controlled current balancing
Figge, H., Grote, T., Froehleke, N., et al. (2008) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.2008.4592073 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
EMI Study for the Interleaved Multi-Channel PFC
Wang, C., Xu, M. L., Lee, F. C., et al. (2007) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.2007.4342188 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
High frequency voltage-fed inverter with phase-shift control for induction heating
Mollov, S. V., Theodoridis, M. P., & Forsyth, A. J. (2004) · IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications · doi:10.1049/ip-epa:20031058 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Effect of switch capacitance on zero-voltage switching of resonant converters
Sabate, J. A., Farrington, R. W., Jovanovic, M. M., et al. (2003) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.1992.254670 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A novel positioning tolerant inductive power transfer system
Joffe, C., Ditze, S., & Roßkopf, A. (2013) · International Electric Drives Production Conference · doi:10.1109/edpc.2013.6689747 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Capacitor ripple current in an interleaved PFC converter
Zhu, J., & Pratt, A. (2008) · PESC record · doi:10.1109/pesc.2008.4592488 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ho, C. N. M., Breuninger, H., Pettersson, S., et al. (2011) · doi:10.1109/icpe.2011.5944662 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Further design approaches of the standardization: Inductive charging of electric vehicles
Turki, F., & Reker, U. (2012) · International Electric Drives Production Conference · doi:10.1109/edpc.2012.6425128 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
An integrated on-board charger with direct grid connection for battery electrical vehicle
Liu, S., Hahlbeck, S., Schoenen, T., et al. (2012) · doi:10.1109/speedam.2012.6264406 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Phase shift control for multi-phase parallel LLC voltage-fed inverter
Zhang, Z., Li, H., Peng, Y. L., et al. (2010) · Electronics Letters · doi:10.1049/el.2010.3520 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Global Trends in High-Power On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Khaligh, A., & D'Antonio, M. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2019.2897050 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Yuan, J., Dorn-Gomba, L., Callegaro, A. D., Reimers, J., & Emadi, A. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069448 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
“Moreover, single-phase parallel dual DAB topologies [113], [114] and three-phase CLLC topologies [115], [116] have been studied.”
BackgroundOn-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review
Dar, A. R., Haque, A., Khan, M. A., Kurukuru, V. S. B., & Mehfuz, S. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17184534 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“In [107], an OBC compatible with EV and PHEV rated at 22 kW has been put forward.”
11-kW High-Frequency High-Density Bidirectional OBC with PCB Winding Magnetic Design
Pham, P. H., Nabih, A., Wang, S., & Li, Q. (2022) · 2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec43599.2022.9773735 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kim, B., Kim, H., & Choi, S. (2018) · 2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec.2018.8341592 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schmenger, J., Endres, S., Zeltner, S., & Marz, M.
- Affiliations
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology (DE)
- Fraunhofer IISB, Schottkystr.10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- ORCID
- Endres, Stefan
- Venue
- 2014 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2014-10
- Pages
- 1-6
- OpenAlex
- W1992490721
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (publishedVersion)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Multilevel Inverters and Converters
- Keywords
- on-board charger, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, modular power electronics, three-phase inverter, battery charging, power conversion efficiency, compact power converter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
