A Survey of Underwater Optical Wireless Communications
Abstract
Underwater wireless communications refer to data transmission in unguided water environment through wireless carriers, i.e., radio-frequency (RF) wave, acoustic wave, and optical wave. In comparison to RF and acoustic counterparts, underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) can provide a much higher transmission bandwidth and much higher data rate. Therefore, we focus, in this paper, on the UOWC that employs optical wave as the transmission carrier. In recent years, many potential applications of UOWC systems have been proposed for environmental monitoring, offshore exploration, disaster precaution, and military operations. However, UOWC systems also suffer from severe absorption and scattering introduced by underwater channels. In order to overcome these technical barriers, several new system design approaches, which are different from the conventional terrestrial free-space optical communication, have been explored in recent years. We provide a comprehensive and exhaustive survey of the state-of-the-art UOWC research in three aspects: 1) channel characterization; 2) modulation; and 3) coding techniques, together with the practical implementations of UOWC.
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Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) can play a vital role in establishing reliable high data rate links with the help of acoustic communications.
“Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) can play a vital role in establishing reliable high data rate links with the help of acoustic communications [44].”
From What should 6G be? (2020) · cites this paper as [44]
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Dang, S., Amin, O., Shihada, B., & Alouini, M.-S. (2020) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-019-0355-6 · Cited by 1,790 · see citing works
Underwater optical wireless communications, networking, and localization: A survey
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A Review on Practical Considerations and Solutions in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication
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Self-citationSait, M., Trichili, A., Alkhazragi, O., Alshaibaini, S., Ng, T. K., Alouini, M.-S., & Ooi, B. S. (2021) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.443255 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zeng, Z., Fu, S., Zhang, H., Dong, Y., & Cheng, J.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Chongqing University (CN)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
- Published
- 2017
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 204-238
- ISSN
- 1553-877X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2607000399
- Cited by
- 1,287
- References
- 206
- Citations by year
- 2026: 103 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 183 · 2023: 161 · 2022: 173 · 2021: 144 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 80 · 2017: 35
- FWCI
- 35.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optical Wireless Communication Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks
- Keywords
- underwater optical communication, underwater wireless communication, light absorption and scattering, modulation schemes, channel coding, free-space optical communication, underwater acoustic communication, environmental monitoring, offshore exploration
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