Cited by 3,100Advanced Image and Video Retrieval TechniquesImage Retrieval and Classification TechniquesAdvanced Neural Network Applications

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Locality-constrained Linear Coding for image classification

Wang, Jinjun, Yang, Jianchao, Yu, Kai, Lv, Fengjun, Huang, Thomas, Gong, Yihong·2010·2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

DOI 10.1109/cvpr.2010.5540018

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Abstract

The traditional SPM approach based on bag-of-features (BoF) requires nonlinear classifiers to achieve good image classification performance. This paper presents a simple but effective coding scheme called Locality-constrained Linear Coding (LLC) in place of the VQ coding in traditional SPM. LLC utilizes the locality constraints to project each descriptor into its local-coordinate system, and the projected coordinates are integrated by max pooling to generate the final representation. With linear classifier, the proposed approach performs remarkably better than the traditional nonlinear SPM, achieving state-of-the-art performance on several benchmarks. Compared with the sparse coding strategy [22], the objective function used by LLC has an analytical solution. In addition, the paper proposes a fast approximated LLC method by first performing a K-nearest-neighbor search and then solving a constrained least square fitting problem, bearing computational complexity of O(M + K2). Hence even with very large codebooks, our system can still process multiple frames per second. This efficiency significantly adds to the practical values of LLC for real applications.

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Authors: Wang, J., Yang, J., Yu, K., Lv, F., Huang, T., & Gong, Y.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
NEC (United States) (US)
ORCID: Wang, Jinjun
Yu, Kai
Huang, Thomas
Gong, Yihong
Venue: 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Publisher: IEEE
Published: 2010-06
Pages: 3360-3367
ISSN: 1063-6919 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1109/cvpr.2010.5540018
OpenAlex: W2027922120
Semantic Scholar: 2f7713dcc35e7c05becf3be5522f36c9546b0364
Cited by: 3,100
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 198 · 2018: 275 · 2017: 336 · 2016: 420 · 2015: 473 · 2014: 417 · 2013: 296 · 2012: 176
FWCI: 154.25
Type: conference paper
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
Keywords: locality-constrained linear coding, bag of visual words, image classification, local coordinate system, max pooling, linear classifiers, k-nearest neighbor search, constrained least squares, real-time processing

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Locality-constrained Linear Coding for image classification

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