Image processing and artificial neural network for counting people inside public transport
Abstract
In this paper, we present a system for counting people on public transport. The system consists of a single camera, and it process videos obtained from the camcorder to perform an algorithm to identify and to count people using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The system is implemented by Cpp language based on OpenCV. People counting is an important factor to guarantee safe road trips as transport vehicles must not exceed an established number of passengers. This research is aimed to create a technological tool that helps to comply with the Transit Law in Ecuador. We describe different processing blocks dedicated to the detection, segmentation, direction estimation, counting, and evaluation of images to present its results during the standard travel of a bus.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A single camera with 640x480 resolution over an access gate and 40 min video proved it could be used when only one door exists.
“One approach based on a single camera with an image resolution of 640 × 480 pixels mounted over an access gate in the bus and 40 min video [21] proved that it could be used in cases when only one door on the vehicle exists.”
From A Review of Passenger Counting in Public Transport Concepts with Solution Proposal Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
Cites
Counting people in crowds with a real-time network of simple image sensors
Yang, Gonzalez-Banos, & Guibas (2003) · IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2003.1238325 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Water Filling: Unsupervised People Counting via Vertical Kinect Sensor
Zhang, X., Yan, J., Feng, S., Lei, Z., Yi, D., & Li, S. Z. (2012) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS) · doi:10.1109/avss.2012.82 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
An Intelligent People-Flow Counting Method for Passing Through a Gate
Chen, T.-H., Chen, T.-Y., & Chen, Z. (2006) · IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics (RAM) · doi:10.1109/ramech.2006.252623 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Detecting and counting people in surveillance applications
Liu, X., Tu, P., Rittscher, J., Perera, A. G. A., & Krahnstoever, N. O. (2006) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS) · doi:10.1109/avss.2005.1577286 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A People Counting System Based on Face Detection and Tracking in a Video
Zhao, X., Delleandrea, E., & Chen, L. (2009) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS) · doi:10.1109/avss.2009.45 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
A people counting system based on head-shoulder detection and tracking in surveillance video
Xu, H., Lv, P., & Meng, L. (2010) · International Conference on Computer Design and Applications (ICCDA) · doi:10.1109/iccda.2010.5540833 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Counting people by RGB or depth overhead cameras
Pizzo, L. D., Foggia, P., Greco, A., Percannella, G., & Vento, M. (2016) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2016.05.033 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
People Counting System for Getting In/Out of a Bus Based on Video Processing
Chen, C.-H., Chang, Y.-C., Chen, T.-Y., & Wang, D.-J. (2008) · 2008 Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications · doi:10.1109/isda.2008.335 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
People counting by learning their appearance in a multi-view camera environment
Maddalena, L., Petrosino, A., & Russo, F. (2013) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2013.10.006 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A People Counting System Based on Dense and Close Stereovision
Yahiaoui, T., Meurie, C., Khoudour, L., & Cabestaing, F. (2008) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69905-7_7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
A robust method for detecting and counting people
Yu, S., Chen, X., Sun, W., & Xie, D. (2008) · International Conference on Audio, Language and Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icalip.2008.4590257 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Real-time passenger counting in buses using dense stereovision
Yahiaoui, T., Khoudour, L., & Meurie, C. (2010) · Journal of Electronic Imaging · doi:10.1117/1.3455989 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A versatile and effective method for counting people on either RGB or depth overhead cameras
Pizzo, L. D., Foggia, P., Greco, A., Percannella, G., & Vento, M. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW) · doi:10.1109/icmew.2015.7169795 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Clustering method for counting passengers getting in a bus with single camera
Yang, T., Zhang, Y., Shao, D., & Li, Y. (2010) · Optical Engineering · doi:10.1117/1.3374439 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A Statistical Method for People Counting in Crowded Environments
Bozzoli, M., Cinque, L., & Sangineto, E. (2007) · International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing · doi:10.1109/iciap.2007.4362828 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Image sequence analysis for counting in real time people getting in and out of a bus
Mecocci, A., Bartolini, F., & Cappellini, V. (1994) · Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/0165-1684(94)90039-6 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Darsena, D., Gelli, G., Iudice, I., & Verde, F. (2023) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2022.3223297 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Convolutional Neural Network for Crowd Counting on Metro Platforms
Zhang, J., Liu, J., & Wang, Z. (2021) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym13040703 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
People Detecting and Counting System
Myint, E. P., & Sein, M. M. (2021) · IEEE Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies (LifeTech) · doi:10.1109/lifetech52111.2021.9391951 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Radovan, A., Mršić, L., Đambić, G., & Mihaljević, B. (2024) · Eng · doi:10.3390/eng5040172 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hybrid Machine Learning Model for Face Recognition Using SVM
Yadav, A. K., Pateriya, R. K., Gupta, N. K., Gupta, P., Saini, D. K., & Alahmadi, M. (2022) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2022.023052 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sky Monitoring System for Flying Object Detection Using 4K Resolution Camera
Kashiyama, T., Sobue, H., & Sekimoto, Y. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20247071 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Multi-Column Atrous Convolutional Neural Network for Counting Metro Passengers
Zhang, J., Zhu, G., & Wang, Z. (2020) · Symmetry · doi:10.3390/sym12040682 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Díaz-Santos, S., Caballero‐Gil, P., & Caballero‐Gil, C. (2025) · Computers · doi:10.3390/computers14110476 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Literature Review of People Counting
Cahyadi, N., & Rahardjo, B. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Mechatronics Systems (AIMS) · doi:10.1109/aims52415.2021.9466029 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Prototype of Urban Transport Passenger Accounting System
Morozov, R., Nicheporchuk, V., & Perevalov, I. (2023) · Transportation research procedia · doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2023.02.063 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Counting People Using Images from Two Low Cost Webcams
Hung, P. D. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35653-8_48 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Automatic Counting Passenger System Using Online Visual Appearance Multi-Object Tracking
Calle, J., Sagastiberri, I., Aramburu, M., Cerezo, S., & García, J. (2022) · Advances in Science Technology and Engineering Systems Journal · doi:10.25046/aj070514 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Automated Recognition and Control of Human Interaction by Video Image
Ulyev, A. D., Donsckaia, A., & Zubkov, A. V. (2023) · Proceedings of the Southwest State University Series IT Management Computer Science Computer Engineering Medical Equipment Engineering · doi:10.21869/2223-1536-2023-13-2-45-64 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Paulme, D. M., Perez, M., & Sese, J. T. (2021) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-90318-3_57 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Real-Time Vehicle Detection and Tracking System Using Cascade Classifier and Background Subtractor
Verma, P., Verma, K., Singh, A., Sundaram, A. K., & Bramhe, V. S. (2023) · Algorithms for intelligent systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7892-0_34 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bell, D. S., James, P., & López‐García, M. (2023) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23249665 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Design and Implementation of Efficient Public Transport System Using Raspberry Pi
Chiwande, S. S., Nipane, P., Bakre, H., Raut, P., Badole, P., & Nagdeote, S. (2024) · International Conference on Intelligent Cyber Physical Systems and Internet of Things (ICoICI) · doi:10.1109/icoici62503.2024.10696348 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Crowd Analysis in Public Transport Based on Face Detection
Chauhan, J., Chordiya, S., Bhatia, R., Genge, S., & Barad, R. (2021) · Algorithms for intelligent systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-6707-0_66
Railway Safety and Security using Image Processing and IOT
Telsang, M. S. S. (2021) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2021.34669
A DC Grid-Connected PV Microgrid Regulated via Digital and MBPC Cascade Control Strategies
Sánchez-Gutiérrez, E., & Orellana, S. J. R. (2022) · Advances in Science Technology and Engineering Systems Journal · doi:10.25046/aj070513
Intelligent System for Monitoring the Availability of Bus Passenger Seats using the YOLO Method
Nabilah, A., Hadi, M. Z. S., & Pratiarso, A. (2023) · International Electronics Symposium (IES) · doi:10.1109/ies59143.2023.10242592
Sensor Networks as a Support Mechanism in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Pop, M.-D., & Ramasamy, V. (2024) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62158-1_5
Enhancing Privacy: Using Blurred Images with MobileNet SSD
Martins, F., Baras, K., & Marques, E. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05176-9_30
- Authors
- Chato, P., Chipantasi, D. J. M., Velasco, N., Rea, S., Hallo, V., & Constante, P.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE (EC)
- Venue
- 2018 IEEE Third Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2018-10
- Pages
- 1-5
- OpenAlex
- W2905765034
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Vehicle License Plate Recognition
- Keywords
- people counting, public transport, video surveillance, single camera, human detection, image segmentation, direction estimation, artificial neural networks, OpenCV, passenger capacity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review