The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Theory of the backpropagation neural network
Abstract
The author presents a survey of the basic theory of the backpropagation neural network architecture covering architectural design, performance measurement, function approximation capability, and learning. The survey includes previously known material, as well as some new results, namely, a formulation of the backpropagation neural network architecture to make it a valid neural network (past formulations violated the locality of processing restriction) and a proof that the backpropagation mean-squared-error function exists and is differentiable. Also included is a theorem showing that any L/sub 2/ function from (0, 1)/sup n/ to R/sup m/ can be implemented to any desired degree of accuracy with a three-layer backpropagation neural network. The author presents a speculative neurophysiological model illustrating how the backpropagation neural network architecture might plausibly be implemented in the mammalian brain for corticocortical learning between nearby regions of the cerebral cortex.>
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Learning representations by back-propagating errors
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., & Williams, R. J. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/323533a0 · Cited by 31,892
Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators
Hornik, K., Stinchcombe, M., & White, H. (1989) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/0893-6080(89)90020-8 · Cited by 21,728
Hopfield, J. J. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.10.3088 · Cited by 6,918
WIDROW, B., & HOFF, M. E. (1960) · doi:10.21236/ad0241531 · Cited by 4,009
A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine
Carpenter, G. A., & Grossberg, S. (1987) · Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing · doi:10.1016/s0734-189x(87)80014-2 · Cited by 2,525
Non-Holographic Associative Memory
WILLSHAW, D. J., BUNEMAN, O. P., & LONGUET-HIGGINS, H. C. (1969) · Nature · doi:10.1038/222960a0 · Cited by 979
Dynamic node creation in backpropagation networks
ASH, T. (1989) · Connection Science · doi:10.1080/09540098908915647 · Cited by 415
Cited by
Deep learning in neural networks: an overview
Schmidhuber, J. (2015) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003 · Cited by 18,570
Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks
Kirkpatrick, J., Pascanu, R., Rabinowitz, N., Veness, J., Desjardins, G., Rusu, A. A., Milan, K., Quan, J., Ramalho, T., Grabska-Barwinska, A., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1611835114 · Cited by 7,899
Deep Learning in Remote Sensing: A Comprehensive Review and List of Resources
Zhu, X. X., Tuia, D., Mou, L., Xia, G.-S., Zhang, L., Xu, F., & Fraundorfer, F. (2017) · IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine · doi:10.1109/mgrs.2017.2762307 · Cited by 3,400
Deep learning-based classification of hyperspectral data
Chen, Y., Lin, Z., Zhao, X., Wang, G., & Gu, Y. (2014) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/jstars.2014.2329330 · Cited by 2,679
Leshno, M., Lin, V. Y., Pinkus, A., & Schocken, S. (1993) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(05)80131-5 · Cited by 2,121
Metadata
- Authors
- Hecht-Nielsen
- Venue
- International Joint Conference on Neural Networks
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 1989
- Pages
- 593-605 vol.1
- OpenAlex
- W2039708501
- Cited by
- 2,222
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 36.27
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Theory of the backpropagation neural network. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/ijcnn.1989.118638
- The paper
- Hecht-Nielsen. (1989). Theory of the backpropagation neural network. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1989.118638
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.